Table 2 Perioperative clinical data of patients.

N

131

117

–

108

108

–

Procedure success (n, %)

130 (99.2%)

117 (100%)

1.000^#

107(99.1%)

108 (100%)

1.000^#

Operative time (minute)

37.9\(\,\pm\,\)14.3

133.4\(\,\pm\,\)20.9

< 0.001^*

38.4\(\,\pm\,\)13.9

134.3\(\,\pm\,\)21.1

< 0.001^*

Cardiopulmonary bypass time (minute)

–

60.5\(\,\pm\,\)13.9

–

–

60.0\(\,\pm\,\)13.7

–

Aortic cross-clamp time (minute)

–

29.0\(\,\pm\,\)5.7

–

–

28.9\(\,\pm\,\)5.6

–

Mechanical ventilation time (hour)

2.7\(\,\pm\,\)0.7

11.7\(\,\pm\,\)3.9

< 0.001^*

2.7\(\,\pm\,\)0.7

12.0\(\,\pm\,\)3.8

< 0.001^*

ICU time (hour)

7.3\(\,\pm\,\)1.8

21.0\(\,\pm\,\)5.7

< 0.001^*

7.3\(\,\pm\,\)1.8

20.8\(\,\pm\,\)5.6

< 0.001^*

Postoperative hospital stays (hour)

52.4\(\,\pm\,\)20.6

149.0\(\,\pm\,\)44.4

< 0.001^*

53.0\(\,\pm\,\)20.3

147.9\(\,\pm\,\)44.9

< 0.001^*

Drainage (milliliter)

–

50.0\(\,\pm\,\)17.9

–

–

50.2\(\,\pm\,\)18.3

–

Blood transfusion (n, %)

0 (0%)

9 (7.7%)

0.001^&

0 (0%)

7 (6.5%)

0.014^&

Incision length (centimeter)

1.1\(\,\pm\,\)0.3

6.8\(\,\pm\,\)1.6

< 0.001^*

1.2\(\,\pm\,\)0.2

6.9\(\,\pm\,\)1.5

< 0.001^*