Fig. 7

UMAP projections in two dimensions (a) and three dimensions (b, c, d) of all clusters of AD patients. In the 2D projection (Fig. 4a), clusters 1, 3, 5, and 6 are located at the center, while in the 3D projection (Fig. 4c), they appear isolated. These clusters mainly consist of a pediatric population. In contrast, clusters 0, 2, and 4 (Fig. 4d) predominantly comprise adult patients and are positioned farther from the center.