Table 2 Association of early-life cognitive activities with late-life cognitive function, the St. Louis Baby Tooth – Later Life Health Study, N = 4,198.

From: Early-life cognitively stimulating activities and late-life cognitive function in the St. Louis Baby Tooth Later Life Health Study

  

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, and racial identity

Model 2: Model 1, further adjusted for parents’ education, childhood living arrangement, and childhood family financial status

Model 3: Model 2, further adjusted for detailed childhood home environment measuresa

 

N

Beta coefficient (95% confidence interval)

Early-life cognitive activities

  

Quartile 1 (fewest)

1,056

Reference

Reference

Reference

Quartile 2

1,048

0.16 (0.11, 0.21) ***

0.13 (0.08, 0.18) ***

0.12 (0.07, 0.17) ***

Quartile 3

1,054

0.20 (0.15, 0.25) ***

0.16 (0.10, 0.21) ***

0.15 (0.10, 0.20) ***

Quartile 4 (most)

1,040

0.26 (0.21, 0.31) ***

0.19 (0.14, 0.24) ***

0.18 (0.12, 0.23) ***

  1. a Home environment measures include: childhood food insecurity, number of adults in the home, number of children in the home, number of bedrooms, number of people per bedroom, and whether the following amenities were shared, for family’s private use, or not present: kitchen, running hot and cold water, separate freezer, flush toilet, bathtub or shower, washing machine, clothes dryer, and number of telephones, televisions, radios, air conditioners, and cars.
  2. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.
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