Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mineral metabolism disorders according to the degree of proteinuria and stratified by the presence or absence of diabetes.

From: Association between proteinuria and mineral metabolism disorders in chronic kidney disease: the Japan chronic kidney disease database extension (J-CKD-DB-Ex)

 

Presence of diabetes

Absence of diabetes

Number of patients/Total number

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

P-value

P for trend

Number of patients/total number

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

P-value

P for trend

Hyperphosphatemia

        

Negative

500/10,267

1.00 (reference)

  

416/10,237

1.00 (reference)

  

Proteinuria 1+

259/2,819

1.32 (1.11–1.56)

0.002

 

287/3,295

2.02 (1.72–2.38)

< 0.001

 

Proteinuria 2+

253/1,583

1.47 (1.22–1.78)

< 0.001

< 0.001

206/1,310

2.69 (2.21–3.26)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Proteinuria 3+

250/889

2.03 (1.65–2.50)

< 0.001

 

132/577

3.50 (2.74–4.46)

< 0.001

 

Every 1 category increase

 

1.25 (1.17–1.33)

< 0.001

  

1.57 (1.47–1.68)

< 0.001

 

Hypophosphatemia

        

Negative

508/10,267

1.00 (reference)

  

671/10,237

1.00 (reference)

  

Proteinuria 1+

223/2,819

1.64 (1.39–1.94)

< 0.001

 

338/3,295

1.55 (1.35–1.78)

< 0.001

 

Proteinuria 2+

117/1,583

1.71 (1.38–2.12)

< 0.001

< 0.001

130/1,310

1.73 (1.42–2.12)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Proteinuria 3+

28/889

0.77 (0.51–1.14)

0.19

 

26/577

0.79 (0.53–1.18)

0.25

 

Every 1 category increase

 

1.15 (1.07–1.25)

< 0.001

  

0.79 (0.53–1.18)

< 0.001

 

Hypercalcemia

        

Negative

437/10,267

1.00 (reference)

  

343/10,237

1.00 (reference)

  

Proteinuria 1+

137/2,819

1.09 (0.89–1.33)

0.39

 

148/3,295

1.33 (1.09–1.62)

0.005

 

Proteinuria 2+

68/1,583

0.81 (0.62–1.07)

0.14

0.71

80/1,310

1.42 (1.10–1.85)

0.008

< 0.001

Proteinuria 3+

55/889

1.05 (0.77–1.44)

0.76

 

40/577

1.45 (1.01–2.07)

0.041

 

Every 1 category increase

 

0.98(0.90–1.08)

0.71

  

1.17 (1.07–1.29)

< 0.001

 

Hypocalcemia

        

Negative

71/10,267

1.00 (reference)

  

80/10,237

1.00 (reference)

  

Proteinuria 1+

48/2,819

1.64 (1.12–2.41)

0.011

 

66/3,295

2.33 (1.67–3.24)

< 0.001

 

Proteinuria 2+

50/1,583

1.89 (1.26–2.83)

0.002

< 0.001

49/1,310

3.36 (2.29–4.91)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Proteinuria 3+

49/889

2.16 (1.40–3.35)

< 0.001

 

22/577

2.77 (1.66–4.62)

< 0.001

 

Every 1 category increase

 

1.29 (1.13–1.48)

< 0.001

  

1.54 (1.34–1.77)

< 0.001

 

Hypermagnesemia

        

Negative

357/4,343

1.00 (reference)

  

333/4,701

1.00 (reference)

  

Proteinuria 1+

162/1,420

1.19 (0.97–1.46)

0.10

 

209/1,979

1.57 (1.30–1.89)

< 0.001

 

Proteinuria 2+

90/747

0.91 (0.70–1.19)

0.49

0.22

96/785

1.36 (1.05–1.76)

0.018

< 0.001

Proteinuria 3+

55/429

0.76 (0.54–1.07)

0.11

 

51/345

1.52 (1.08–2.14)

0.016

 

Every 1 category increase

 

0.94 (0.86–1.04)

0.22

  

1.19 (1.09–1.30)

< 0.001

 

Hypomagnesemia

        

Negative

341/4,343

1.00 (reference)

  

289/4,701

1.00 (reference)

  

Proteinuria 1+

176/1,420

1.61 (1.32–1.95)

< 0.001

 

191/1,979

1.60 (1.32–1.94)

< 0.001

 

Proteinuria 2+

105/747

1.69 (1.32–2.16)

< 0.001

< 0.001

96/785

1.96 (1.53–2.51)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Proteinuria 3+

63/429

1.49 (1.09–2.04)

0.012

 

38/345

1.63 (1.13–2.35)

0.009

 

Every 1 category increase

 

1.22 (1.12–1.33)

< 0.001

  

1.29 (1.18–1.42)

< 0.001

 
  1. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were analyzed by the logistic regression models. Age, sex, and eGFR were selected as confounding factors in adjusted models. A two-tailed P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  2. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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