Table 4 “Information leakage” performance and model improvement.

From: Research on information leakage in time series prediction based on empirical mode decomposition

Models

pH

Compare with BiLSTM

Compare with CEEMDAN-BiLSTM

RMSE

MAPE(%)

RMSE

MAPE(%)

RMSE

MAPE(%)

BiLSTM

0.499

0.394

-

-

0.498

0.278

CEEMDAN-BiLSTM

0.001

0.116

0.498

0.278

-

-

STMP-CEEMDAN-BiLSTM

0.124

0.261

0.375

0.133

0.123

0.145

MTMP-CEEMDAN-BiLSTM

0.128

0.232

0.371

0.162

0.127

0.116

SW-CEEMDAN-BiLSTM

0.125

0.252

0.374

0.142

0.124

0.136