Table 7 Age comparison of East Asian football players playing in Europe via different routes.
Group 1 | Group 2 | t-test/Welch’s t-test/Kruskal—Wallis H | p-value | Adjusted p-value | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Route A1: Average age and median age of East Asian players when first joining non-Big Five | ||||||
China 22.60 and 22.00, Japan 21.54 and 21.5, South Korea 20.81 and 20.5 | ||||||
China | Japan | 0.6527 | 0.5191 | 1.5572 | 0.3187 | |
China | South Korea | 1.0035 | 0.3282 | 0.9846 | 0.5142 | |
Japan | South Korea | 0.7826 | 0.4385 | 1.3154 | 0.2487 | |
Route A2: Average age and median age of East Asian players when first moving from non-Big Five to the Big Five | ||||||
China 23.80 and 23.00, Japan 24.65 and 24.5, South Korea 23.44 and 23.5 | ||||||
China | Japan | -0.4602 | 0.6488 | 1.9465 | -0.2247 | |
China | South Korea | 0.1717 | 0.8655 | 2.5965 | 0.0880 | |
Japan | South Korea | 0.9952 | 0.3256 | 0.9769 | 0.3162 | |
Route B: Average age and median age of East Asian players when directly joining Big Five for the first time | ||||||
China 24.62 and 24.00, Japan 23.03 and 23.00, South Korea 22.31 and 22.00 | ||||||
China | Japan | 1.3689 | 0.2420 | 0.7260 | 0.0207 | |
China | South Korea | 2.7959 | 0.0945 | 0.2835 | 0.0717 | |
Japan | South Korea | 1.2482 | 0.2639 | 0.7917 | 0.0139 | |
Route C: Average age and median age of East Asian players when first directly joining non-Big Five without later joining the Big Five | ||||||
China 21.59 and 21.00, Japan 23.21 and 23.00, South Korea 22.51 and 22.00 | ||||||
China | Japan | -2.7516 | 0.0066 | 0.0197 | -0.5106 | |
China | South Korea | 1.0910 | 0.2962 | 0.8887 | 0.0128 | |
Japan | South Korea | 3.4769 | 0.0622 | 0.1867 | 0.0190 | |
The number of players observed | China 50, Japan 220, South Korea 97 | |||||
