Table 1 The limits of parameters.

From: Evaluation of modified fire hawk optimizer for new modification in double diode solar cell model

Parameters

Lower bound

Upper bound

\(I_{ph}\)

0

1

\(I_{o1}\) and \(I_{o2}\) (\(\mu\)A)

0

1

\(R_{s1}\), \(R_{s2}\),and \(R_s\)

0

0.5

\(R_{sh}\)

0

100

\(n_1\) and \(n_2\)

1

2