Table 7 Numerical results of ST, US, OS and TP for \(\:{\varDelta\:f}_{1}\), \(\:{\varDelta\:f}_{2}\), \(\:{\varDelta\:P}_{tie}\:\)in scenario I

From: A novel artificial intelligence based multistage controller for load frequency control in power systems

Algorithm-Controller

\(\:\varDelta\:{\varvec{f}}_{1}\)

\(\:\varDelta\:{\varvec{f}}_{2}\)

\(\:\varDelta\:{\varvec{P}}_{\varvec{t}\varvec{i}\varvec{e}}\)

ST (s)

US

OS

TP (s)

ST (s)

US

OS

TP (s)

ST (s)

US

OS

TP (s)

BDGOA-TDn(1 + PI) (Proposed)

0

-0.073035

0.0059617

4.2552

0

-0.069717

0.0057511

4.3112

0

-0.00038582

0.0018043

0.21449

BDGOA-FOPID

0.75987

-0.15731

0.0081675

4.6938

0.57391

-0.14152

0.007674

5.6738

0

-0.0054177

0.0091183

0.41536

MWOA-PIDn43

1.0491

-0.2473

0.0132

4.9600

0.9825

-0.1870

0.0129

5.0200

0

-0.0022

0.0149

0.4800

MWOA-PID43

0.9831

-0.1284

0.0043

1.8300

0.8073

-0.1634

0.0191

1.5100

0

-0.0051

0.0214

0.7000

BDGOA-PID

2.1187

-0.1429

0.0375

6.0129

0.9471

-0.1621

0.0305

6.1429

1.3081

-0.0125

0.0376

0.8850

BDGOA-PI

1.4460

-0.2445

0.0626

3.3689

2.0807

-0.1876

0.0663

2.7130

1.6788

-0.0300

0.0304

0.6720

RIME-PI40

1.5072

-0.12799

0.020916

5.3391

2.4135

-0.18612

0.055346

1.2999

1.1359

-0.019541

0.041653

0.8020

BWOA-PI44

1.8198

-0.18722

0.047009

3.7467

2.4513

-0.18671

0.076656

4.6030

1.9896

-0.032573

0.038398

0.7620

SSA-PI45

1.8641

-0.22156

0.061433

4.1482

2.6092

-0.21499

0.06663

5.2023

2.1262

-0.029649

0.046477

0.8479

SFLA-PI46

7.9355

-0.31152

0.23905

4.5486

10.2501

-0.25917

0.19663

3.7690

8.5916

-0.067258

0.051529

0.8820

FA-PI34

4.8247

-0.31541

0.15791

4.3272

5.6017

-0.23017

0.12456

5.3064

3.9307

-0.048328

0.047025

0.8520

GA-PI34

6.6537

-0.29645

0.16298

4.9156

6.4543

-0.24313

0.15741

5.8994

4.5750

-0.049178

0.057467

0.9520

GTO-PI41

1.5515

-0.1382

0.0218

5.3192

2.4046

-0.1863

0.0489

4.6611

1.1134

-0.0191

0.0408

0.7920

WOA-PI43

2.1092

-0.2020

0.0797

4.5855

2.9217

-0.2212

0.0999

5.6420

4.3315

-0.0388

0.0536

0.9120