Table 8 Comparison of the results for proposed and different controllers in scenario I.

From: A novel artificial intelligence based multistage controller for load frequency control in power systems

Algorithm-Controller

IAE

ISE

ITAE

ITSE

BDGOA-TDn(1 + PI) (Proposed)

0.1977

0.0057698

0.55392

0.0043688

BDGOA-FOPID

0.35049

0.021662

1.0413

0.01702

MWOA-PIDn43

0.5251

0.0527

1.5033

0.0422

MWOA-PID43

0.4150

0.0258

1.9873

0.0200

BDGOA-PID

0.9215

0.0621

3.2569

0.1202

BDGOA-PI

1.2609

0.0882

7.4877

0.2002

RIME-PI40

0.8236

0.0559

3.0733

0.0994

BWOA-PI44

0.9979

0.0835

3.7909

0.1531

SSA-PI45

1.0240

0.0970

3.4662

0.1624

SFLA-PI46

3.2445

0.3903

23.7959

1.6722

FA-PI34

1.7207

0.2097

7.4259

0.4723

GA-PI34

2.3341

0.2802

12.1244

0.8616

GTO-PI41

0.8291

0.0578

3.0921

0.1010

WOA-PI43

1.3356

0.1235

5.2829

0.2860

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