Table 9 Numerical results of ST, US, OS and TP for \(\:{\varDelta\:f}_{1}\), \(\:{\varDelta\:f}_{2}\), \(\:{\varDelta\:P}_{tie}\) in scenario II

From: A novel artificial intelligence based multistage controller for load frequency control in power systems

Algorithm-Controller

\(\:\varDelta\:{\varvec{f}}_{1}\)

\(\:\varDelta\:{\varvec{f}}_{2}\)

\(\:\varDelta\:{\varvec{P}}_{\varvec{t}\varvec{i}\varvec{e}}\)

ST (s)

US

OS

TP (s)

ST (s)

US

OS

TP (s)

ST (s)

US

OS

TP (s)

BDGOA-TDn(1 + PI) (Proposed)

0.026823

-0.11846

0.0060801

4.1918

0

-0.074418

0.005725

4.3008

0

-0.0022086

1.116e-05

11.2157

BDGOA-FOPID

0.77014

-0.15443

0.01608

1.1723

0.6161

-0.15517

0.0074841

50.0075

0

-0.0073828

0.0043535

0.47232

MWOA-PIDn43

1.0812

-0.2623

0.0112

4.9300

1.0014

-0.2072

0.0106

5.0000

0

-0.0073

0.0114

0.5600

MWOA-PID43

1.1656

-0.1603

0.0116

10.7300

0.9281

-0.1879

0.0082

12.5800

0

-0.0172

0.0097

0.7100

BDGOA-PID

2.2208

-0.1646

0.0414

5.7190

1.2763

-0.1988

0.0323

5.9490

0

-0.0196

0.0206

0.9687

BDGOA-PI

1.4677

-0.2258

0.0601

4.9769

2.1030

-0.2200

0.0634

2.7822

1.7599

-0.0315

0.0199

0.7525

RIME-PI40

1.6219

-0.1553

0.0213

5.3726

2.4666

-0.2217

0.0459

4.7297

2.0045

-0.0296

0.0229

0.8463

BWOA-PI44

1.7001

-0.1802

0.0456

3.7444

2.4345

-0.2218

0.0696

4.6570

2.0241

-0.0338

0.0225

0.8233

SSA-PI45

1.9061

-0.2326

0.0608

4.2120

2.6423

-0.2575

0.0695

3.4658

2.3186

-0.0379

0.0325

0.9276

SFLA-PI46

5.2736

-0.2881

0.2101

4.5396

10.2835

-0.2738

0.2186

3.8152

8.5521

-0.0647

0.0453

5.2496

FA-PI34

4.8609

-0.3063

0.1565

4.3728

5.6082

-0.2757

0.1376

3.6128

2.5018

-0.0505

0.0364

0.9442

GA-PI34

5.9149

-0.3017

0.1759

4.9205

6.4615

-0.2946

0.1499

5.9553

4.5397

-0.0546

0.0453

1.0463

GTO-PI41

1.5515

-0.1382

0.0218

5.3192

2.4046

-0.1863

0.0489

4.6611

1.1134

-0.0191

0.0408

0.7920

WOA-PI43

2.1045

-0.2196

0.0974

4.5892

5.7760

-0.2671

0.1017

5.6949

4.3107

-0.0479

0.0377

0.9897