Table 2 Description of independent variables.

Green coverage rate

Green coverage rate

GCR

–

Mean value of GCR in the grid

Built environment data

Population density

PopD

\(\frac{{N}_{a}}{S}\)

\({N}_{a}\) is the total number of people in the grid, \(S\) is the area of the grid

Building density

BD

\(\frac{{S}_{a}}{S}\)

\({S}_{a}\) is the total area of the building footprint in the grid

Road Network Density

RND

\(\frac{{L}_{a}}{S}\)

\({L}_{a}\) is the total mileage of the road network within the grid

Park density

ParkD

\(\frac{{S}_{b}}{S}\)

\({S}_{b}\) is the total area occupied by parks in the grid, \({S}_{u}\) is the total area of building sites in the grid

Land use diversity

LUD

\(-\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{{P}_{i}*\text{ln}({P}_{i})}{\text{ln}(n)}\)

\({P}_{i}\) is the share of land use type i in the area of the grid to which it belongs, \(n\) is the number of total land use categories

Functional utilization diversity

FUD

\(-\sum_{i=1}^{m}\frac{{P}_{j}*\text{ln}({P}_{j})}{\text{ln}(m)}\)

\({P}_{j}\) is the share of category j functional area types in the area of the grid to which they belong, \(m\) is the number of total categories in the functional area

Point of road connectivity

PRC

\(\frac{{N}_{b}}{S}\)

\({N}_{c}\) is the number of road nodes in the grid

Plot ratio

PR

\(\frac{{S}_{c}}{{S}_{u}}\)

\({S}_{c}\) is the gross floor area above ground of the buildings in the grid

Distance to the nearest bus stop and subway station

DBS

–

Distance from the grid midpoint to the nearest bus stop and subway station

Distance to nearest water system

DW

–

Distance from the grid midpoint to the nearest water system

Distance to nearest green space

DG

–

Distance from the midpoint of the grid to the nearest park

Socioeconomic data

Business density

DD

\(\frac{{S}_{d}}{S}\)

\({S}_{d}\) is the total area occupied by financial facilities in the grid

Average house price

AHP

–

Average house price in the grid

Average age of housing

AHA

–

Average age of houses in the grid