Table 1 Indicator selection and description.
Latent variable | Measurement indicator | Definition and description | Mean | Standard deviation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Follow-up supportive policy (FP) | Employment opportunities | Accessibility to employment opportunities in surrounding areas: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = less, 4 = some, 5 = a lot (FP1) | 2.376 | 1.140 |
Training programs | Frequency of training: 1 = 0 times, 2 = 1 time, 3 = 2 times, 4 = 3 times, 5 = more than 3 times (FP2) | 2.262 | 1.150 | |
Public services | Percentage of satisfied infrastructure and public services (FP3) | 0.897 | 0.096 | |
Entitlements protection | The assistance provided by the relocated cadres to the families: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = less, 4 = some, 5 = a lot (FP4) | 4.049 | 1.078 | |
Comprehensive governance | Satisfaction with the relocation policy: 1 = extremely dissatisfied, 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = normal, 4 = satisfied, 5 = completely satisfied (FP5) | 4.667 | 0.566 | |
Risk perception (RP) | Policy risk | A decrease in governmental subsidies after the transition period: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = general, 4 = large, 5 = severe (RP1) | 1.397 | 0.982 |
Natural risk | Landlessness after relocation: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = general, 4 = large, 5 = severe (RP2) | 2.408 | 1.638 | |
Social risk | Inability to enjoy equivalent benefits as local residents: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = general, 4 = large, 5 = severe (RP3) | 1.103 | 0.538 | |
Living risk | Sharp increase in the cost of living: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = general, 4 = large, 5 = severe (RP4) | 2.841 | 1.513 | |
Production risk | The absence of reliable sources of revenue: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = general, 4 = large, 5 = severe (RP5) | 2.298 | 1.543 | |
Cultural risk | Traditional national culture under attack: 1 = none, 2 = seldom, 3 = general, 4 = large, 5 = severe (RP6) | 1.597 | 0.803 | |
Learning capacity (LC) | Education level | Average years of education for family members (LC1) | 4.374 | 2.397 |
Information channel | Channels for accessing information (LC2) | 1.616 | 0.894 | |
Policy awareness | Understanding of relocation policy: 1 = not clear, 2 = not familiar, 3 = general, 4 = familiar, 5 = know well (LC3) | 3.197 | 1.325 | |
Vocational skill | Whether there is a skilled workforce: 0 = no, 1 = yes (LC4) | 0.099 | 0.298 | |
Buffering capacity (BC) | Cultivated land | Actual cultivated land per capita (BC1) | 1.038 | 2.144 |
Forest land | Forest land per capita (BC2) | 1.116 | 2.359 | |
Livestock numbers | Livestock numbers = Cattle*1 + Horses*0.8 + Sheep*0.6 + Pigs*0.4 + Chickens*0.2 (BC3) | 1.855 | 6.443 | |
Consumer durables | Percentage of consumer durables (BC4) | 0.546 | 0.161 | |
Family deposit | Current savings of the family to living needs: 1 = unable to meet demand, 2 = basically meet demand, 3 = demand satisfied and partially remaining (BC5) | 1.854 | 0.524 | |
Labor force | Labor force ratio:1 = Less than 0.25, 2 = 0.24–0.35, 3 = 0.35–0.5, 4 = 0.5–0.6, 5 = more than 0.6 (BC6) | 2.704 | 1.359 | |
Self-organization capacity (SC) | Influential Ties | Relatives or friends working as village (township) cadres or civil servants: 0 = No; 1 = Yes (SC1) | 0.200 | 0.200 |
Group engagement | Participation in group activities: 1 = never, 2 = seldom, 3 = occasionally, 4 = often, 5 = always (SC2) | 4.326 | 1.009 | |
Neighborhood interactions | Frequency of contact with neighbors: 1 = never, 2 = seldom, 3 = occasionally, 4 = often, 5 = always (SC3) | 3.824 | 1.151 | |
Neighborhood trust | Neighborhood relations: 1 = tense, 2 = partial contradictions, 3 = general, 4 = good, 5 = Very well (SC4) | 4.824 | 0.467 | |
Social networks | proportion of communication expenses spent (SC5) | 0.125 | 0.082 | |
Adaptive strategy (AS) | Strategy choice | Strategy choice:1 = assistance, 2 = contraction, 3 = retention, 4 = expansion, 5 = adjustment (AS1) | 3.994 | 1.178 |
Adaptation outcome (AO) | Livelihood quality (LQ) | Income per capita(Yuan) (LQ1) | 8625.750 | 6942.160 |
Simpson Livelihood Diversification Index (LQ2) | 0.135 | 0.180 | ||
Livelihood Perception (LP) | Adaptive evaluation:1 = very dissatisfied, 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = neutral, 4 = satisfied, 5 = very satisfied (LP1) | 4.504 | 0.594 | |
Future confidence: 1 = worse, 2 = Same, 3 = better (LP2) | 2.835 | 0.583 | ||
Identity recognition: 1 = strangers, 2 = not clear, 3 = local (LP3) | 2.884 | 0.444 |
