Table 9 Observed vs predicted values of pharmacokinetic parameters for IV, oral, and transdermal patches of clozapine.

From: Formulation development and evaluation, in silico PBPK modeling and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies of clozapine matrix type transdermal patches

Pharmacokinetic parameters

IV (25 mg)

Oral (75 mg)

Transdermal (50 mg)

Observed

Predicted

Fold error

Observed

Predicted

Fold error

Predicted

Fold error

Cmax (ng/mL)

2521.800

2999.200

0.840

81.986

50.236

1.630

38.396

2.130

Tmax (h)

0.024

0.014

1.000

2.853

5.060

0.560

28.960

0.100

AUC0-inf (ng-h/mL)

990.750

920.570

1.080

985.180

1077

0.910

1625.500

0.600

AUC0-t (ng-h/mL)

980.880

910.420

1.080

956.660

945.460

1.010

1175.700

0.810