Table 3 Best-performing models with 946 interlandmark distances.

From: Developing a fully applicable machine learning (ML) based sex classification model using linear cranial dimensions

Classifier and best tuning parameters

Accuracy

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Selected Features

LR with excluded region-specific variables {scaled, ‘C’: 0.01, ‘penalty’: ‘l2’, ‘solver’: ‘newton-cg’}

CV

0.90

0.89

0.91

0.91

0.89

without feature selection,

n (features) = 208

Test

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

Test ST

0.98

1.00

0.95

0.95

1.00

Test ZG

0.93

0.90

0.95

0.95

0.90

LDA with excluded correlated variables {scaled, ‘shrinkage’: ‘auto’, ‘solver’: ‘lsqr’}

CV

0.94

0.93

0.95

0.95

0.93

RFE, n (features) = 99

Test

0.96

0.98

0.95

0.95

0.97

Test ST

0.95

1.00

0.90

0.91

1.00

Test ZG

0.98

0.95

1.00

1.00

0.95

LDA excluded region-specific variables {‘shrinkage’: 0.1, ‘solver’: ‘lsqr’}

CV

0.93

0.93

0.92

0.92

0.93

RFE, n (features) = 23

Test

0.95

0.98

0.93

0.93

0.97

Test ST

0.98

1.00

0.95

0.95

1.00

Test ZG

0.93

0.95

0.90

0.90

0.95