Table 2 Immunologically relevant SNPs that exhibit changes in frequency outside the 95 CI of a distribution of frequency changes from a panel of genome-wide SNPs, across different prehistoric and present day populations.

From: Ancient DNA HLA typing reveals significant shifts in frequency in Europe since the Neolithic

SNP

Direction

Magnitude (%)

Gene

Group

rs2227564

Decrease

−0.21

PLAU

Intracellular Modulators

rs3750920

Increase

0.19

TOLLIP

Intracellular Modulators

rs11230563

Increase

0.29

CD6

Intracellular Modulators

rs11235559

Increase

0.37

PDE2A

HLA/infectious Disease

rs3184504

Increase

0.43

SH2B3

Other

rs653178

Decrease

−0.45

ATXN2

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs11066188

Increase

0.35

HECTD4

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs10774679

Decrease

−0.36

OAS3

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs1156361

Decrease

−0.48

OAS3

HLA/infectious Disease

rs1873613

Increase

0.26

LRRK2

Intracellular Modulators

rs6538678

Increase

0.34

CCDC38

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs11150610

Increase

0.28

ITGAM

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs11574637

Decrease

−0.26

ITGAM

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs2779249

Decrease

−0.27

NOS2A

Intracellular Modulators

rs492602

Increase

0.47

FUT2

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs1429411

Decrease

−0.42

ANKRD44

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs2305619

Decrease

−0.23

PTX3

Intracellular Modulators

rs708567

Decrease

−0.29

IL17RC

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs3775291

Decrease

−0.32

TLR3

Pattern Recognition Receptors

rs11096957

Increase

0.38

TLR10

Pattern Recognition Receptors

rs4833095

Decrease

−0.24

TLR1

Pattern Recognition Receptors

rs5743810

Decrease

−0.52

TLR6

Pattern Recognition Receptors

rs2188962

Increase

0.40

IRF1-AS1

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs2549794

Decrease

−0.25

ERAP1

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs6920220

Decrease

−0.32

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs9468413

Increase

0.21

Other

rs805297

Decrease

−0.23

APOM

Autoinflammatory Disorders

rs9271366

Decrease

−0.19

HLA/infectious Disease

rs2647012

Decrease

−0.30

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs2856718

Decrease

−0.25

HLA/infectious Disease

rs7756516

Decrease

−0.52

HLA-DQB2

HLA/infectious Disease

rs7453920

Decrease

−0.36

HLA-DQB2

HLA/infectious Disease

rs2051549

Decrease

−0.38

HLA-DQB2

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs13277113

Decrease

−0.38

BLK

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs2618476

Decrease

−0.33

BLK

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs1478897

Decrease

−0.37

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

rs4077515

Decrease

−0.28

CARD9

Intracellular Modulators

  1. Present-day frequencies are represented by the estimates from 99 CEU individuals.