Table 4 Comparison of estimation results for different methods during the charging process.
From: Fault detection for Li-ion batteries of electric vehicles with segmented regression method
Method | MSE | RMSE | MAE | Accuracy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Proposed | \(1.0 \times 10^{-5}\) | \(3.162 \times 10^{-3}\) | \(1.970 \times 10^{-3}\) | 99.803 |
Transformer21 | \(6.4 \times 10^{-5}\) | \(7.986 \times 10^{-3}\) | \(7.548 \times 10^{-3}\) | 98.245 |
LSTM22 | \(2.60 \times 10^{-4}\) | \(1.6136 \times 10^{-2}\) | \(1.5497 \times 10^{-2}\) | 95.450 |
BPNN23 | \(1.564 \times 10^{-3}\) | \(3.9549 \times 10^{-2}\) | \(3.7915 \times 10^{-2}\) | 92.208 |
