Table 3 Scenarios of energy management.
Scenario | Services | Interactions | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Uncoordinated charging | Grids and EVs | EVs consume power from the utility without any coordination |
Scenario 1 | Day-ahead planned charging | Grid, CPL rooftop PV, wind, and EVs | Tariff- and demand-aware day-ahead planning for optimal power consumption from the utility |
Scenario 2 | Building prosumer-based charging | Grid, CPL, and building rooftop PV, wind, loads, and EVs | Day-ahead planning combined with real-time management of rooftop PV generation in buildings |
Scenario 3 (proposed) | Priority-based charging with building backup units | Grid, CPL, and building rooftop PV, wind, loads, BBUs, and EVs | Three-stage proposed energy management system |
