Table 3 Effect of body mass index on COPD development stratified by smoking status in model 4.

From: Association between body mass index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals: a nationwide population‑based cohort study

Smoking status

BMI (kg/m2)

n

COPD

Duration (PY)

IR (per 1000 PY)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

Non

< 18.5

373,492

733

3,097,951.84

0.2366

1.238 (1.143, 1.342)

18.5–22.9

1,898,831

3,328

15,783,062.79

0.2109

1 (Ref.)

23.0–24.9

560,928

1,062

4,672,641.79

0.2273

1.002 (0.934, 1.075)

25.0–29.9

545,375

1,218

4,538,107.85

0.2684

1.117 (1.042, 1.196)

≥ 30.0

106,463

286

871,630.26

0.3281

1.300 (1.147, 1.473)

Former

< 18.5

19,826

75

164,084.37

0.4571

1.739 (1.366, 2.214)

18.5–22.9

228,044

566

1,926,575.18

0.2938

1 (Ref.)

23.0–24.9

158,092

372

1,349,430.21

0.2757

0.873 (0.765, 0.995)

25.0–29.9

195,218

434

1,660,678.75

0.2613

0.779 (0.687, 0.884)

≥ 30.0

31,180

88

259,978.92

0.3385

0.971 (0.773, 1.218)

Current

< 18.5

86,147

368

712,860.63

0.5162

1.708 (1.529, 1.908)

18.5–22.9

823,800

2,205

6,904,363.16

0.3194

1 (Ref.)

23.0–24.9

489,875

1,138

4,128,554.96

0.2756

0.808 (0.752, 0.868)

25.0–29.9

657,152

1,524

5,527,492.37

0.2757

0.766 (0.716, 0.819)

≥ 30.0

130,346

387

1,077,722.96

0.3591

0.975 (0.870, 1.093)

  1. Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, asthma, pneumonia, and metabolic syndrome.
  2. BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PY: person-year; IR: incidence rate; Ref.: reference.
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