Fig. 4
From: Experimental study on the drag reduction performance of sodium alginate in saline solutions
Plots illustrating the three assumptions of ANOVA. (a) The normal probability plot assesses whether the residuals (the differences between experimental data and predicted values) follow a normal distribution. (b) The constant variance plot demonstrates the relationship between predicted values and residuals, allowing for the assessment of residuals within a specified range. (c) The plot of residuals versus run order examines potential time-dependent trends; if a noticeable trend is present, it suggests that a time-related variable may influence the response, indicating a need for experimental revision. Otherwise, the data should appear randomly distributed.
