Fig. 3

Identification of hub genes using PPI network analysis and machine learning models. (A) PPI network model constructed from TM-DEGs. (B) Key cluster with 6 genes chosen as hub genes by MCODE. (C) Hub genes identified by intersecting the top 6 genes from 13 algorithms. (D) Cross-Validation accuracy curve for SVM-RFE model. (E) Top genes ranked by feature importance scores in the XGBoost model. (F) Intersection of genes identified by XGBoost, SVM-RFE, and PPI network analysis, resulting in two hub genes.