Fig. 1

The mean comparison of the effects of TiO2 NPs concentrations and different harvesting times at 23 ºC and 10 ºC on the content of total phenol, proline, auxin, and abscisic acid. T0, T2, T5, and T10 indicate the levels of 0, 2, 5, and 10 ppm of TiO2 NPs, respectively. H6, H24, and H48 represent different harvest times (6, 24, and 48 h) after the applied treatments, respectively. The mean values are compared using Duncan’s method at a 1% probability level. The same letters represent insignificant differences.