Table 4 Associations with improvement of pain-NRS for 6 months and variables.

From: Utilization of telemedicine in conjunction with wearable devices for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial

 

Overall

 

Usual care

 

Telemedicine

 

N

r-value

p-value

N

r-value

p-value

N

r-value

p-value

Age

71

0.101

0.404

34

0.117

0.509

37

0.098

0.565

Body mass index

71

-0.049

0.683

34

-0.073

0.683

37

-0.085

0.618

Pain-NRS at baseline

71

0.404

 < 0.001*

34

0.378

0.028*

37

0.409

0.012*

PCS at baseline

71

-0.017

0.889

34

0.040

0.821

37

-0.031

0.853

- PCS rumination at baseline

71

0.008

0.949

34

0.047

0.791

37

-0.043

0.802

- PCS magnification at baseline

71

0.013

0.913

34

0.093

0.601

37

-0.042

0.804

- PCS helplessness at baseline

71

-0.043

0.723

34

-0.003

0.986

37

-0.014

0.934

HADS at baseline

71

-0.119

0.323

34

-0.052

0.772

37

-0.109

0.520

- HADS anxiety at baseline

71

-0.048

0.688

34

0.055

0.758

37

-0.075

0.657

- HADS depression at baseline

71

-0.166

0.167

34

-0.155

0.382

37

-0.121

0.474

PDAS at baseline

71

0.109

0.367

34

0.009

0.961

37

0.195

0.248

EQ-5D-3L at baseline

71

-0.002

0.989

34

-0.049

0.784

37

-0.012

0.942

Steps at baseline

      

37

0.031

0.855

Distance at baseline

      

37

0.030

0.863

Sedentary time at baseline

      

37

-0.190

0.261

Light activity at baseline

      

37

-0.016

0.927

MVPA at baseline

      

37

-0.007

0.968

Consumption of calories by activity at baseline

      

37

-0.012

0.943

Sleep duration at baseline

      

36

0.031

0.856

- REM sleep at baseline

      

36

-0.008

0.963

- Light sleep at baseline

      

36

0.040

0.817

- Deep sleep at baseline

      

36

0.022

0.900

Change of steps

      

37

-0.216

0.200

Change of distance

      

37

-0.200

0.235

Change of sedentary time

      

37

0.242

0.148

Change of light activity

      

37

-0.187

0.267

Change of MVPA

      

37

-0.133

0.434

Change of consumption of calories by activity

      

37

-0.133

0.434

Change of sleep duration

      

33

0.186

0.300

- Change of REM sleep

      

33

0.116

0.519

- Change of light sleep

      

33

-0.081

0.652

- Change of deep sleep

      

33

-0.118

0.514

  1. EQ-5D-3L, EuroQol-five dimensions-three level; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MVPA, moderate and vigorous physical activity; NRS, Numeric Rating Scale; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PDAS, Pain Disability Assessment Scale; REM, Rapid eye movement. *, p < 0.05. The improvement of pain-NRS for 6 months was calculated as pain-NRS at baseline minus at 6 months. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the magnitude of the effect size.
  2. There was no significant correlation of the improvement in pain-NRS for 6 months with PCS, HADS, PDAS, EQ-5D-3L, and values in the wearable devices (p ≥ 0.05).
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