Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Attapulgite/oyster shell composite reduces cadmium and lead bioavailability in acidic agricultural soils through synergistic adsorption and pH regulation

Fig. 5

Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on ATP, OS, and ATP–OS composites. (a, c) Cd(II) adsorption kinetics (a) and isotherms (c); (b, d) Pb(II) adsorption kinetics (b) and isotherms (d). Experiments were conducted in single-metal systems using attapulgite (ATP), oyster shell (OS), or ATP–OS composites. Qt, adsorption capacity at time t; Qe, equilibrium adsorption capacity; Ce, equilibrium concentration.

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