Fig. 1
From: Educational environment changes toward resident duty hour restrictions in Japan
Flowchart of study participants. Note: Study participants were postgraduate year-1 (PGY-1) and − 2 (PGY-2) residents in Japan took the GM-ITE between 2019 and 2022. To avoid repeated data, if a resident took the exam in two successive years, their PGY-1 data was excluded. Residents who did not complete the duty hours question were omitted.
