Table 2 Effects of PGEO-NE on formalin-induced paw edema.

From: The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil nanoemulsion in mice

Paw edema thickness (Δ) in mm (Mean ± SEM)

Treatment

1 h

2 h

3 h

4 h

24 h

Vehicle

1.167 ± 0.056

1.25 ± 0.05

1.3 ± 0.036

1.33 ± 0.033

1.4 ± 0.036

DIC (20 mg/kg)

0.517 ± 0.08***

0.516 ± 0.08***

0.366 ± 0.088***

0.466 ± 0.061***

0.433 ± 0.09***

Morphine (10 mg/kg)

0.75 ± 0.047**

0.85 ± 0.043**

0.8 ± 0.036***

0.85 ± 0.043***

0.88 ± 0.1***

PGEO 10 (mg/kg)

1.22 ± 0.048

1.25 ± 0.056

1.316 ± 0.047

1.233 ± 0.066

1.25 ± 0.056

PGEO-NE 50 (mg/kg)

0.917 ± 0.017

1.033 ± 0.061

1.05 ± 0.056

1.05 ± 0.076*

1.133 ± 0.05*

PGEO-NE 100 (mg/kg)

0.883 ± 0.06*

0.9 ± 0.1**

0.983 ± 0.087*

1.05 ± 0.067*

1.016 ± 0.2*

  1. Data represents the difference in paw thickness at the beginning of the procedure, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001 versus vehicle.