Table 3 Possible factors May be associated with mortality in 6-month follow-up between two groups.

From: The role of perioperative transfusion in mortality in geriatric patients with intertrochanteric fracture

Characteristics

Morality group (n = 37)

Survival group (n = 1223)

p

Age (years)

82.0 (76.0–88.5)

80.0 (75.0–85.0)

0.035

Gender, n (%)

  

0.979

 Male

11 (29.7%)

366 (29.9%)

 

 Female

26 (70.3%)

857 (70.1%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

21.9 (19.5–24.2)

22.9 (20.8–25.0)

0.069

 Normal (BMI < 24 kg/m2)

27 (73.0%)

811 (66.3%)

0.699

 Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2)

8 (21.6%)

327 (26.7%)

 

 Obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2)

2 (5.4%)

85 (7.0%)

 

Fracture type, n (%)

  

0.331

 Stable (A1.1–A2.1)

16 (43.2%)

628 (51.3%)

 

 Unstable (A2.2–A3.3)

21 (56.8%)

595 (48.7%)

 

Time from injury to surgery (days)

6.0 (5.0–9.0)

6.0 (4.0–7.0)

0.223

Time from injury to hospital (h)

15.0 (8.0–24.0)

9.0 (5.0–20.0)

0.007

Operation time (min)

90.0 (72.5–130.0)

90.0 (75.0–120.0)

0.501

 ≤ 60

6 (16.2%)

203 (16.6%)

0.951

 > 60

31 (83.8%)

1020 (83.4%)

 

Blood loss (mls)

200.0 (150.0–300.0)

200.0 (150.0–300.0)

0.509

ASA, n (%)

  

<0.001

 1

6 (16.2%)

221 (18.1%)

 

 2

10 (27.1%)

340 (27.8%)

 

 3

6 (16.2%)

448 (36.6%)

 

 4

9 (24.3%)

181 (14.8%)

 

 5

6 (16.2%)

33 (2.7%)

 

General anesthesia, n (%)

  

0.381

 Yes

12 (32.4%)

484 (39.6%)

 

 No

25 (67.6%)

739 (60.4%)

 

Hospital stay, days

15.0 (10.5–20.0)

13.0 (10.0–17.0)

0.229

Blood transfusion volume, U

 Total

6.0 (4.0–8.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

0.024

 Pre-operation

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.006

 Intra-operation

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.597

 Post-operation

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.940

 Pre-operation + intra-operation

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.032

 Pre-operation + post-operation

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

0.020

 Intra-operation + post-operation

4.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.948

Number of transfusion, n (%)

 Total

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

0.037

 Pre-operation

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.018

 Intra-operation

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.755

 Post-operation

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.949

 Pre-operation + intra-operation

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.033

 Pre-operation + post-operation

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.070

 Intra-operation + post-operation

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.908

Hemoglobin, g/L

 Admission

96.8 (88.9–111.9)

105.0 (93.8–115.9)

0.081

 One day after surgery

102.2 (92.4–110.5)

99.1 (90.1–109.4)

0.585

 Minimum

86.9 (76.9–93.8)

87.8 (80.4–96.6)

0.263

 Discharge

104.0 (90.05–112.5)

103.2 (95.8–110.5)

0.523

Vein thrombosis (Admission), n (%)

 Yes

19 (51.4%)

565 (46.2%)

0.536

 No

18 (48.6%)

658 (53.8%)

 

Electrolyte disturbance (Admission), n (%)

Yes

1 (2.7%)

68 (5.6%)

0.718

No

36 (97.3%)

1155 (94.4%)

 

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Anemia

  

0.442

 Yes

3 (8.1%)

64 (5.2%)

 

 No

34 (91.9%)

1159 (94.8%)

 

 Dementia

  

0.738

 Yes

3 (8.1%)

84 (6.9%)

 

 No

34 (91.9%)

1139 (93.1%)

 

 Pneumonia

  

0.009

 Yes

8 (21.6%)

97 (7.9%)

 

 No

29 (78.4%)

1126 (92.1%)

 

 Arteriosclerosis

  

0.666

  Yes

8 (21.6%)

230 (18.8%)

 

  No

29 (78.4%)

993 (81.2%)

 

 Cerebrovascular disease

  

0.568

  Yes

5 (13.5%)

209 (17.1%)

 

  No

32 (86.5%)

1014 (82.9%)

 

 Hypoproteinemia

  

0.358

  Yes

1 (2.7%)

102 (8.3%)

 

  No

36 (97.3%)

1121 (91.7%)

 

 Arrhythmology

  

0.293

  Yes

6 (16.2%)

135 (11.0%)

 

  No

31 (83.8%)

1088 (89.0%)

 

 Heart failure

  

0.029

  Yes

4 (10.8%)

37 (3.0%)

 

  No

33 (89.2%)

1186 (97.0%)

 

 Myocardial infarction

  

1.000

  Yes

0 (0.0%)

16 (1.3%)

 

  No

37 (100.0%)

1207 (98.7%)

 

 Diabetes

  

0.754

  Yes

8 (21.6%)

239 (19.5%)

 

  No

29 (78.4%)

984 (80.5%)

 

 Cerebral hemorrhage

  

1.000

  Yes

0 (0.0%)

13 (1.1%)

 

  No

37 (100.0%)

1210 (98.9%)

 

 Cerebral infarction

  

0.793

  Yes

7 (18.9%)

253 (20.7%)

 

  No

30 (81.1%)

970 (79.3%)

 

 Coronary heart disease

  

0.880

  Yes

8 (21.6%)

252 (20.6%)

 

  No

29 (78.4%)

971 (79.4%)

 

 Hypertension

  

0.311

  Yes

20 (54.0%)

558 (45.6%)

 

  No

17 (46.0%)

665 (54.4%)

 

Complications, n (%)

 Heart failure

  

<0.001

  Yes

11 (29.7%)

96 (7.8%)

 

  No

26 (70.3%)

1127 (92.2%)

 

 Respiratory failure

  

0.001

  Yes

5 (13.5%)

25 (2.0%)

 

  No

32 (86.5%)

1198 (98.0%)

 

 Cerebral infarction

  

0.642

  Yes

0 (0.0%)

46 (3.8%)

 

  No

37 (100.0%)

1177 (96.2%)

 

 Stress ulcer

  

1.000

  Yes

0 (0.0%)

31 (2.5%)

 

  No

37 (100.0%)

1192 (97.5%)

 

 Arrhythmology

  

0.048

  Yes

11 (29.7%)

210 (17.2%)

 

  No

26 (70.3%)

1013 (82.8%)

 

 Pneumonia

  

0.176

  Yes

7 (18.9%)

133 (10.9%)

 

  No

30 (81.1%)

1090 (89.1%)

 

 Delirium

  

0.180

  Yes

5 (13.5%)

85 (7.0%)

 

  No

32 (86.5%)

1138 (93.0%)

 

 Anemia

  

0.091

  Yes

5 (13.5%)

78 (6.4%)

 

  No

32 (86.5%)

1145 (93.6%)

 

 Vein thrombosis

  

0.464

  Yes

18 (48.6%)

521 (42.6%)

 

  No

19 (51.4%)

702 (57.4%)

 

 Electrolyte disturbance

  

0.509

  Yes

15 (40.5%)

563 (46.0%)

 

  No

22 (59.5%)

660 (54.0%)

 

 Hypoproteinemia

  

0.218

  Yes

14 (37.8%)

349 (28.5%)

 

  No

23 (62.2%)

874 (71.5%)

 

 Hyperglycemia

  

0.381

  Yes

12 (32.4%)

318 (26.0%)

 

  No

25 (67.6%)

905 (74.0%)

 
  1. Values are presented as the number (%) or the median (interquartile range).
  2. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists.
  3. *p < 0.05, statistical significance.
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