Table 4 Possible factors May be associated with mortality in 1-year follow-up between two groups.

From: The role of perioperative transfusion in mortality in geriatric patients with intertrochanteric fracture

Characteristics

Morality group (n = 88)

Survival group (n = 1172)

p

Age (years)

82.0 (76.5–87.0)

80.0 (74.0–85.0)

0.017

Gender, n (%)

  

0.574

 Male

24 (27.3%)

353 (30.1%)

 

 Female

64 (72.7%)

819 (69.9%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

22.5 (20.0–24.2)

22.9 (20.8–25.1)

0.042

 Normal (BMI < 24 kg/m2)

62 (70.5%)

776 (66.2%)

0.368

 Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2)

23 (26.1%)

312 (26.6%)

 

 Obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2)

3 (3.4%)

84 (7.2%)

 

Fracture type, n (%)

  

0.821

 Stable (A1.1–A2.1)

46 (52.3%)

598 (51.0%)

 

 Unstable (A2.2–A3.3)

42 (47.7%)

574 (49.0%)

 

Time from injury to surgery (days)

6.0 (4.0–8.0)

6.0 (4.0–7.0)

0.116

Time from injury to hospital (h)

14.0 (6.5–22.0)

9.0 (5.0–20.0)

0.038

Operation time (min)

90.0 (75.0–130.0)

90.0 (75.0–120.0)

0.606

 ≤ 60

13 (14.8%)

196 (16.7%)

0.635

 > 60

75 (85.2%)

976 (83.3%)

 

Blood loss (mls)

200.0 (175.0–300.0)

200.0 (150.0–300.0)

0.748

ASA, n (%)

  

0.224

 1

16 (18.2%)

211 (18.0%)

 

 2

23 (26.1%)

327 (27.9%)

 

 3

27 (30.7%)

427 (36.4%)

 

 4

16 (18.2%)

174 (14.8%)

 

 5

6 (6.8%)

33 (2.8%)

 

General anesthesia, n (%)

  

0.410

 Yes

31 (35.2%)

465 (39.7%)

 

 No

57 (64.8%)

707 (60.3%)

 

Hospital stay (days)

14.0 (10.5–20.0)

13.0 (10.0–17.0)

0.147

Blood transfusion volume, U

 Total

4.0 (3.0–6.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

0.224

 Pre-operation

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.190

 Intra-operation

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.964

 Post-operation

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.686

 Pre-operation + intra-operation

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.422

 Pre-operation + post-operation

4.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

0.226

 Intra-operation + post-operation

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.858

Number of transfusion, n (%)

 Total

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

0.270

 Pre-operation

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.240

 Intra-operation

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.830

 Post-operation

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.385

 Pre-operation + intra-operation

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.278

 Pre-operation + post-operation

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.493

 Intra-operation + post-operation

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.472

Hemoglobin (g/L)

 Admission

103.5 (91.0–116.1)

104.9 (93.8–115.9)

0.474

 One day after surgery

104.0 (90.6–113.0)

99.0 (90.0–109.2)

0.085

 Minimum

86.9 (78.4–95.1)

87.8 (80.5–96.6)

0.382

 Discharge

104.0 (94.5–112.9)

103.2 (95.8–110.3)

0.635

Vein thrombosis (Admission), n (%)

  

0.200

 Yes

35 (39.8%)

549 (46.8%)

 

 No

53 (60.2%)

623 (53.2%)

 

Electrolyte disturbance (Admission), n (%)

  

0.226

 Yes

2 (2.3%)

67 (5.7%)

 

 No

86 (97.7%)

1105 (94.3%)

 

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Anemia

  

0.620

  Yes

3 (3.4%)

64 (5.5%)

 

  No

85 (96.6%)

1108 (94.5%)

 

 Dementia

  

0.974

  Yes

6 (6.8%)

81 (6.9%)

 

  No

82 (93.2%)

1091 (93.1%)

 

 Pneumonia

  

0.023

  Yes

13 (14.8%)

92 (7.8%)

 

  No

75 (85.2%)

1080 (92.2%)

 

 Arteriosclerosis

  

0.915

  Yes

17 (19.3%)

221 (18.9%)

 

  No

71 (80.7%)

951 (81.1%)

 

 Cerebrovascular disease

  

0.145

  Yes

10 (11.4%)

204 (17.4%)

 

  No

78 (88.6%)

968 (82.6%)

 

 Hypoproteinemia

  

0.198

  Yes

4 (4.5%)

99 (8.4%)

 

  No

84 (95.5%)

1073 (91.6%)

 

 Arrhythmology

  

0.957

  Yes

10 (11.4%)

131 (11.2%)

 

  No

78 (88.6%)

1041 (88.8%)

 

 Heart failure

  

0.201

  Yes

5 (5.7%)

36 (3.1%)

 

  No

83 (94.3%)

1136 (96.9%)

 

 Myocardial infarction

  

0.621

  Yes

0 (0.0%)

16 (1.4%)

 

  No

88 (100.0%)

1156 (98.6%)

 

 Diabetes

  

0.186

  Yes

22 (25.0%)

225 (19.2%)

 

  No

66 (75.0%)

947 (80.8%)

 

 Cerebral hemorrhage

  

0.612

  Yes

1 (1.1%)

12 (1.0%)

 

  No

87 (98.9%)

1160 (99.0%)

 

 Cerebral infarction

  

0.965

  Yes

18 (20.5%)

242 (20.6%)

 

  No

70 (79.5%)

930 (79.4%)

 

 Coronary heart disease

  

0.388

  Yes

15 (17.0%)

245 (20.9%)

 

  No

73 (83.0%)

927 (79.1%)

 

 Hypertension

  

0.212

  Yes

46 (52.3%)

532 (45.4%)

 

  No

42 (47.7%)

640 (54.6%)

 

Complications, n (%)

 Heart failure

  

0.003

  Yes

15 (17.0%)

92 (7.8%)

 

  No

73 (83.0%)

1080 (92.2%)

 

 Respiratory failure

  

0.053

  Yes

5 (5.7%)

25 (2.1%)

 

  No

83 (94.3%)

1147 (97.9%)

 

 Cerebral infarction

  

1.000

  Yes

3 (3.4%)

43 (3.7%)

 

  No

85 (96.6%)

1129 (96.3%)

 

 Stress ulcer

  

0.719

  Yes

1 (1.1%)

30 (2.6%)

 

  No

87 (98.9%)

1142 (97.4%)

 

 Arrhythmology

  

0.456

  Yes

18 (20.5%)

203 (17.3%)

 

  No

70 (79.5%)

969 (82.7%)

 

 Pneumonia

  

0.138

  Yes

14 (15.9%)

126 (10.8%)

 

  No

74 (84.1%)

1046 (89.2%)

 

 Delirium

  

0.244

  Yes

9 (10.2%)

81 (6.9%)

 

  No

79 (89.8%)

1091 (93.1%)

 

 Anemia

  

0.061

  Yes

10 (11.4%)

73 (6.2%)

 

  No

78 (88.6%)

1099 (93.8%)

 

 Vein thrombosis

  

0.416

  Yes

34 (38.6%)

505 (43.1%)

 

  No

54 (61.4%)

667 (56.9%)

 

 Electrolyte disturbance

  

0.935

  Yes

40 (45.5%)

538 (45.9%)

 

  No

48 (54.5%)

634 (54.1%)

 

 Hypoproteinemia

  

0.688

  Yes

27 (30.7%)

336 (28.7%)

 

  No

61 (69.3%)

836 (71.3%)

 

 Hyperglycemia

  

0.135

  Yes

29 (32.9%)

301 (25.7%)

 

  No

59 (67.1%)

871 (74.3%)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists.
  2. Values are presented as the number (%) or the median (interquartile range).
  3. *p < 0.05, statistical significance.
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