Table 5 Possible factors May be associated with mortality in 2-year follow-up between two groups.

From: The role of perioperative transfusion in mortality in geriatric patients with intertrochanteric fracture

Characteristics

Morality group (n = 169)

Survival group (n = 1091)

p

Age (years)

82.0 (77.0–87.5)

80.0 (74.0–85.0)

<0.001

Gender, n (%)

  

0.919

 Male

50 (29.6%)

327 (30.0%)

 

 Female

119 (70.4%)

764 (70.0%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

22.1 (20.0–24.2)

22.9 (20.8–25.3)

0.003

 Normal (BMI < 24 kg/m2)

121 (71.6%)

717 (65.7%)

0.191

 Overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2)

41 (24.3%)

294 (26.9%)

 

 Obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2)

7 (4.1%)

80 (7.3%)

 

Fracture type, n (%)

  

0.352

 Stable (A1.1–A2.1)

92 (54.4%)

552 (50.6%)

 

 Unstable (A2.2–A3.3)

77 (45.6%)

539 (49.4%)

 

Time from injury to surgery (days)

6.0 (4.0–8.0)

6.0 (4.0–7.0)

0.015

Time from injury to hospital (h)

9.0 (5.0–21.0)

9.0 (5.0–20.0)

0.362

Operation time, mins

90.0 (75.0–120.0)

90.0 (75.0–120.0)

0.454

 ≤ 60

30 (17.8%)

179 (16.4%)

0.662

 > 60

139 (82.2%)

912 (83.6%)

 

Blood loss (mls)

200.0 (150.0–300.0)

200.0 (150.0–300.0)

0.490

ASA, n (%)

  

0.953

 1

29 (17.2%)

198 (18.2%)

 

 2

48 (28.4%)

302 (27.7%)

 

 3

58 (34.3%)

396 (36.3%)

 

 4

28 (16.6%)

162 (14.8%)

 

 5

6 (3.5%)

33 (3.0%)

 

General anesthesia, n (%)

  

0.350

 Yes

61 (36.1%)

435 (39.9%)

 

 No

108 (63.9%)

656 (60.1%)

 

Hospital stay (days)

14.0 (10.5–19.0)

13.0 (10.0–17.0)

0.162

Blood transfusion volume, U

 Total

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

0.217

 Pre-operation

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.084

 Intra-operation

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.732

 Post-operation

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

2.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.789

 Pre-operation + intra-operation

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.372

 Pre-operation + post-operation

4.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (0.0–4.0)

0.085

 Intra-operation + post-operation

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

2.0 (2.0–4.0)

0.853

Number of transfusion, n (%)

 Total

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

0.126

 Pre-operation

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.106

 Intra-operation

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.866

 Post-operation

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.832

 Pre-operation + intra-operation

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.143

 Pre-operation + post-operation

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

0.244

 Intra-operation + post-operation

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

0.801

Hemoglobin, g/L

 Admission

104.5 (92.1–117.2)

104.9 (93.7–115.3)

0.869

 One day after surgery

103.0 (90.5–113.4)

99.0 (90.1–109.1)

0.075

 Minimum

87.0 (79.8–95.8)

87.9 (80.4–96.7)

0.577

 Discharge

104.3 (94.2–111.5)

103.1 (95.8–110.3)

0.603

Vein thrombosis(Admission), n (%)

  

0.473

 Yes

74 (43.8%)

510 (46.7%)

 

 No

95 (56.2%)

581 (53.3%)

 

Electrolyte disturbance(Admission), n (%)

  

0.648

 Yes

8 (4.7%)

61 (5.6%)

 

 No

161 (95.3%)

1030 (94.4%)

 

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Anemia

  

0.464

  Yes

7 (4.1%)

60 (5.5%)

 

  No

162 (95.9%)

1031 (94.5%)

 

 Dementia

  

0.827

  Yes

11 (6.5%)

76 (7.0%)

 

  No

158 (93.5%)

1015 (93.0%)

 

 Pneumonia

  

0.566

  Yes

16 (9.5%)

89 (8.2%)

 

  No

153 (90.5%)

1002 (91.8%)

 

 Arteriosclerosis

  

0.088

  Yes

40 (23.7%)

198 (18.1%)

 

  No

129 (76.3%)

893 (81.9%)

 

 Cerebrovascular disease

  

0.948

  Yes

29 (17.2%)

185 (17.0%)

 

  No

140 (82.8%)

906 (83.0%)

 

 Hypoproteinemia

  

0.146

  Yes

9 (5.3%)

94 (8.6%)

 

  No

160 (94.7%)

997 (91.4%)

 

 Arrhythmology

  

0.811

  Yes

18 (10.7%)

123 (11.3%)

 

  No

151 (89.3%)

968 (88.7%)

 

 Heart failure

  

0.103

  Yes

9 (5.3%)

32 (2.9%)

 

  No

160 (94.7%)

1059 (97.1%)

 

 Myocardial infarction

  

0.150

  Yes

0 (0.0%)

16 (1.5%)

 

  No

169 (100.0%)

1075 (98.5%)

 

 Diabetes

  

0.550

  Yes

36 (21.3%)

211 (19.3%)

 

  No

133 (78.7%)

880 (80.7%)

 

 Cerebral hemorrhage

  

1.000

  Yes

1 (0.6%)

12 (1.1%)

 

  No

168 (99.4%)

1079 (98.9%)

 

 Cerebral infarction

  

0.230

  Yes

29 (17.2%)

231 (21.2%)

 

  No

140 (82.8%)

860 (78.8%)

 

 Coronary heart disease

  

0.230

  Yes

29 (17.2%)

231 (21.2%)

 

  No

140 (82.8%)

860 (78.8%)

 

 Hypertension

  

0.931

  Yes

77 (45.6%)

501 (45.9%)

 

  No

92 (54.4%)

590 (54.1%)

 

Complications, n (%)

 Heart failure

  

0.625

  Yes

16 (9.5%)

91 (8.3%)

 

  No

153 (90.5%)

1000 (91.7%)

 

 Respiratory failure

  

0.586

  Yes

5 (3.0%)

25 (2.3%)

 

  No

164 (97.0%)

1066 (97.7%)

 

 Cerebral infarction

  

0.606

  Yes

5 (3.0%)

41 (3.8%)

 

  No

164 (97.0%)

1050 (96.2%)

 

 Stress ulcer

  

0.419

  Yes

2 (1.2%)

29 (2.7%)

 

  No

167 (98.8%)

1062 (97.3%)

 

 Arrhythmology

  

0.608

  Yes

32 (18.9%)

189 (17.3%)

 

  No

137 (81.1%)

902 (82.7%)

 

 Pneumonia

  

0.267

  Yes

23 (13.6%)

117 (10.7%)

 

  No

146 (86.4%)

974 (89.3%)

 

 Delirium

  

0.026

  Yes

19 (11.2%)

71 (6.5%)

 

  No

150 (88.8%)

1020 (93.5%)

 

 Anemia

  

0.197

  Yes

15 (8.9%)

68 (6.2%)

 

  No

154 (91.1%)

1023 (93.8%)

 

 Vein thrombosis

  

0.473

  Yes

68 (40.2%)

471 (43.2%)

 

  No

101 (59.8%)

620 (56.8%)

 

 Electrolyte disturbance

  

0.675

  Yes

75 (44.4%)

503 (46.1%)

 

  No

94 (55.6%)

588 (53.9%)

 

 Hypoproteinemia

  

0.129

  Yes

57 (33.7%)

306 (28.0%)

 

  No

112 (66.3%)

785 (72.0%)

 

 Hyperglycemia

  

0.281

  Yes

50 (29.6%)

280 (25.7%)

 

  No

119 (70.4%)

811 (74.3%)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists.
  2. Values are presented as the number (%) or the median (interquartile range).
  3. *p < 0.05, statistical significance.
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