Table 1 Comparison of different models on Fudan-UPenn Dataset (n = 100).

From: Measuring political polarization through visible interactions between religious and non-religious citizens

Model

YOLOv3

YOLOv4

YOLOv5

YOLOv8

RetinaNet

EfficientDet

Faster R-CNN

HOG + SVM

Euclidean distance

30.282

28.178

16.941

16.823

24.104

28.178

21.599

20.928

Standard deviation

2.711

2.540

1.672

1.680

2.410

1.683

2.038

2.965

F1 score

0.682

0.693

0.774

0.778

0.492

0.198

0.736

0.204

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