Table 1 Baseline characteristics.
From: Association of ventricular arrhythmias with lamotrigine: an observational cohort study
Bipolar disorder | Partial seizure | Generalized tonic-clonic seizure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LTG | Comparators | p-value | LTG | Comparators | p-value | LTG | Comparators | p-value | |
N | 153,852 | 213,593 | 10,275 | 24,971 | 5,860 | 17,506 | |||
Age, mean (SD) | 37.5 (13.6) | 40.9 (15.7) | < 0.01 | 41.3 (16.1) | 46.3 (17.5) | < 0.01 | 36.8 (15.6) | 42.5 (17.6) | < 0.01 |
AGE group | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
≥ 65 | 3,176 (2.1) | 12,559 (5.9) | 706 (6.9) | 3,319 (13.3) | 271 (4.6) | 1,828 (10.4) | |||
45–64 | 45,353 (29.5) | 75,396 (35.3) | 3,632 (35.3) | 10,223 (40.9) | 1,521 (26.0) | 5,987 (34.2) | |||
25–44 | 69,774 (45.4) | 81,077 (38.0) | 3,883 (37.8) | 7,785 (31.2) | 2,339 (39.9) | 5,959 (34.0) | |||
18–25 | 35,549 (23.1) | 44,561 (20.9) | 2,054 (20.0) | 3,644 (14.6) | 1,729 (29.5) | 3,732 (21.3) | |||
Geographic region | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Northeast | 26,084 (17.0) | 38,170 (17.9) | 1,908 (18.6) | 4,282 (17.1) | 1,083 (18.5) | 3,133 (17.9) | |||
Northcentral | 32,590 (21.2) | 48,972 (22.9) | 2,170 (21.1) | 5,665 (22.7) | 1,160 (19.8) | 3,766 (21.5) | |||
South | 61,184 (39.8) | 83,064 (38.9) | 4,217 (41.0) | 10,637 (42.6) | 2,382 (40.6) | 7,200 (41.1) | |||
West | 31,226 (20.3) | 39,745 (18.6) | 1,803 (17.5) | 3,918 (15.7) | 1,121 (19.1) | 3,124 (17.8) | |||
Unknown | 2,768 (1.8) | 3,642 (1.7) | 177 (1.7) | 469 (1.9) | 114 (1.9) | 283 (1.6) | |||
Medicare | 3,871 (2.5) | 14,251 (6.7) | < 0.01 | 736 (7.2) | 3,496 (14.0) | < 0.01 | 295 (5.0) | 1,932 (11.0) | < 0.01 |
Sex (male) | 46,596 (30.3) | 85,661 (40.1) | < 0.01 | 4,053 (39.4) | 10,927 (43.8) | < 0.01 | 2,343 (40.0) | 8,194 (46.8) | < 0.01 |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
SHD | 3,366 (2.2) | 8,867 (4.2) | < 0.01 | 709 (6.9) | 3,373 (13.5) | < 0.01 | 353 (6.0) | 1,991 (11.4) | < 0.01 |
AMI | 241 (0.2) | 708 (0.3) | < 0.01 | 35 (0.3) | 167 (0.7) | < 0.01 | 21 (0.4) | 155 (0.9) | < 0.01 |
CHF | 598 (0.4) | 1,951 (0.9) | < 0.01 | 102 (1.0) | 551 (2.2) | < 0.01 | 55 (0.9) | 360 (2.1) | < 0.01 |
PVD | 848 (0.6) | 2,296 (1.1) | < 0.01 | 159 (1.5) | 746 (3.0) | < 0.01 | 56 (1.0) | 417 (2.4) | < 0.01 |
CBVD | 1,409 (0.9) | 3,670 (1.7) | < 0.01 | 638 (6.2) | 2,505 (10.0) | < 0.01 | 281 (4.8) | 1,445 (8.3) | < 0.01 |
Dementia | 703 (0.5) | 4,398 (2.1) | < 0.01 | 427 (4.2) | 1,956 (7.8) | < 0.01 | 157 (2.7) | 1,089 (6.2) | < 0.01 |
COPD | 8,870 (5.8) | 15,794 (7.4) | < 0.01 | 528 (5.1) | 1,682 (6.7) | < 0.01 | 292 (5.0) | 1,207 (6.9) | < 0.01 |
Rheumatic disease | 1,364 (0.9) | 2,412 (1.1) | < 0.01 | 137 (1.3) | 409 (1.6) | 0.04 | 63 (1.1) | 270 (1.5) | < 0.01 |
Peptic Ulcer | 343 (0.2) | 776 (0.4) | < 0.01 | 22 (0.2) | 63 (0.3) | 0.51 | 13 (0.2) | 56 (0.3) | 0.23 |
Liver disease, mild | 1,928 (1.3) | 3,735 (1.7) | < 0.01 | 110 (1.1) | 465 (1.9) | < 0.01 | 67 (1.1) | 391 (2.2) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes, no complication | 1,388 (0.9) | 1,966 (0.9) | 0.57 | 155 (1.5) | 529 (2.1) | < 0.01 | 52 (0.9) | 320 (1.8) | < 0.01 |
Renal disease, mild | 916 (0.6) | 2,085 (1.0) | < 0.01 | 121 (1.2) | 470 (1.9) | < 0.01 | 49 (0.8) | 288 (1.6) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes, complication | 787 (0.5) | 1,565 (0.7) | < 0.01 | 68 (0.7) | 326 (1.3) | < 0.01 | 29 (0.5) | 203 (1.2) | < 0.01 |
Hemi/paraplegia | 232 (0.2) | 520 (0.2) | < 0.01 | 230 (2.2) | 871 (3.5) | < 0.01 | 87 (1.5) | 501 (2.9) | < 0.01 |
Malignancy | 1,828 (1.2) | 3,583 (1.7) | < 0.01 | 404 (3.9) | 1,287 (5.2) | < 0.01 | 131 (2.2) | 675 (3.9) | < 0.01 |
Liver disease, moderate/severe | 89 (0.1) | 235 (0.1) | < 0.01 | 16 (0.2) | 54 (0.2) | 0.25 | 10 (0.2) | 46 (0.3) | 0.21 |
Renal disease, severe | 166 (0.1) | 599 (0.3) | < 0.01 | 44 (0.4) | 165 (0.7) | < 0.01 | 18 (0.3) | 181 (1.0) | < 0.01 |
AIDS/HIV | 317 (0.2) | 554 (0.3) | < 0.01 | 15 (0.1) | 43 (0.2) | 0.58 | 7 (0.1) | 33 (0.2) | 0.27 |
Metastatic tumor | 121 (0.1) | 413 (0.2) | < 0.01 | 68 (0.7) | 573 (2.3) | < 0.01 | 18 (0.3) | 288 (1.6) | < 0.01 |
Hypertension | 11,880 (7.7) | 25,434 (11.9) | < 0.01 | 1,104 (10.7) | 4,293 (17.2) | < 0.01 | 581 (9.9) | 2,778 (15.9) | < 0.01 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 2,469 (1.6) | 4,044 (1.9) | < 0.01 | 190 (1.8) | 477 (1.9) | 0.70 | 82 (1.4) | 334 (1.9) | 0.01 |
Anxiety | 19,668 (12.8) | 32,018 (15.0) | < 0.01 | 597 (5.8) | 1,180 (4.7) | < 0.01 | 365 (6.2) | 870 (5.0) | < 0.01 |
Depression | 23,989 (15.6) | 39,791 (18.6) | < 0.01 | 593 (5.8) | 1,046 (4.2) | < 0.01 | 384 (6.6) | 742 (4.2) | < 0.01 |
Substance Abuse | 1,223 (0.8) | 4,000 (1.9) | < 0.01 | 39 (0.4) | 71 (0.3) | 0.15 | 35 (0.6) | 114 (0.7) | 0.65 |
Eating disorder | 1,091 (0.7) | 1,154 (0.5) | < 0.01 | 16 (0.2) | 10 (0.0) | < 0.01 | 7 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 0.64 |
Medications | |||||||||
ACEIs | 10,540 (6.9) | 19,068 (8.9) | < 0.01 | 759 (7.4) | 2,723 (10.9) | < 0.01 | 361 (6.2) | 1,752 (10.0) | < 0.01 |
ARBs | 5,954 (3.9) | 10,011 (4.7) | < 0.01 | 482 (4.7) | 1,910 (7.6) | < 0.01 | 202 (3.4) | 1,058 (6.0) | < 0.01 |
BBs | 14,084 (9.2) | 26,543 (12.4) | < 0.01 | 964 (9.4) | 3,492 (14.0) | < 0.01 | 488 (8.3) | 2,202 (12.6) | < 0.01 |
Non-dihydropyridines | 1,522 (1.0) | 2,793 (1.3) | < 0.01 | 126 (1.2) | 413 (1.7) | < 0.01 | 45 (0.8) | 232 (1.3) | < 0.01 |
Spironolactone | 2,109 (1.4) | 2,456 (1.1) | < 0.01 | 112 (1.1) | 299 (1.2) | 0.39 | 48 (0.8) | 206 (1.2) | 0.02 |
Statin | 15,824 (10.3) | 29,009 (13.6) | < 0.01 | 1,422 (13.8) | 5,043 (20.2) | < 0.01 | 570 (9.7) | 2,783 (15.9) | < 0.01 |
