Table 4 Optimized 2DoF-PID controller parameters obtained by QIO and other algorithms.

From: Quadratic interpolation optimization-based 2DoF-PID controller design for highly nonlinear continuous stirred-tank heater process

Algorithm

\({K}_{p}\)

\({T}_{i}\)

\({T}_{d}\)

\(\alpha\)

\(\beta\)

\(\gamma\)

QIO

7.1621

99.6274

26.9368

0.0831

0.8323

4.7038

DE

3.4200

118.0465

16.1474

0.0959

1.1994

2.6769

PSO

6.7559

140.7039

48.1530

0.0845

0.9725

1.5425

FLA

6.9239

108.3006

27.2994

0.1180

0.8155

0.1601

MGO

4.2528

130.8834

28.1018

0.0963

1.2436

2.4754