Table 6 Comparison of error-based performance indicators.

From: Quadratic interpolation optimization-based 2DoF-PID controller design for highly nonlinear continuous stirred-tank heater process

Algorithm

\({F}_{IAE}\)

\({F}_{ISE}\)

\({F}_{ITAE}\)

\({F}_{ITSE}\)

QIO

299.9501

1.1158E + 03

4.2743E + 04

1.4021E + 05

DE

383.1019

1.3880E + 03

5.8698E + 04

1.8464E + 05

PSO

356.7506

1.1225E + 03

6.1668E + 04

1.4440E + 05

FLA

346.9474

1.2929E + 03

5.1781E + 04

1.6785E + 05

MGO

334.2785

1.1715E + 03

5.3568E + 04

1.4944E + 05