Table 8 Comparison of error-based performance indicators.

From: Quadratic interpolation optimization-based 2DoF-PID controller design for highly nonlinear continuous stirred-tank heater process

Tuning method

\({F}_{IAE}\)

\({F}_{ISE}\)

\({F}_{ITAE}\)

\({F}_{ITSE}\)

QIO

299.9501

1.1158E + 03

4.2743E + 04

1.4021E + 05

Murrill

532.3275

1.5651E + 03

1.0689E + 05

2.3701E + 05

Rovira

421.7459

1.6018E + 03

6.4121E + 04

2.1879E + 05

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