Fig. 1

Effects of different treatments on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds (mean ± SE; n = 4). (A) Effects of PEG-6000 treatments on germination potential and germination rate. (B) Effects of CaCl2 treatments on germination potential and germination rate. (C) Effects of pH treatments on germination potential and germination rate. (D) Effects of PEG-6000 treatments on germination index and vitality index. (E) Effects of CaCl2 treatments on germination index and vitality index. (F) Effects of pH treatments on germination index and vitality index. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P ≤ 0.05 level.