Fig. 5

β-diversity indices and components among ARMS units. Boxplots of β-diversity indices (Bray–Curtis and Jaccard dissimilarity and its components turnover and nestedness) for comparisons between ARMS (a) from the same batch versus different batches; (b) immersed for different time periods; and (c) deployed in the same season versus different seasons. N indicates the number of pairwise comparisons used to compute each index. Asterisks denote significance levels (ns: p > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001).