Fig. 4

Construction and validation of a risk prognosis model using the LASSO-Cox algorithm. (A–C) KM survival analysis demonstrates that patients in the high-risk group have a significantly worse prognosis compared to those in the low-risk group across different datasets. (D–F) Survival analysis indicates a higher mortality rate in the high-risk group. The heatmap shows elevated expression levels of CTSD, DAPK1, and TIMP1 in the high-risk group, while TBXAS1 and PPP2CB exhibit higher expression levels in the low-risk group. (G–I) ROC curves display AUC values for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival predictions across different datasets.