Table 2 Baseline characteristics of CAD residents grouped by tooth brushing frequency.
Characteristics | Overall (n = 841) | Tooth brushing frequency per day | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 time (n = 409) | 2 times (n = 385) | 3 times (n = 47) | |||
Demographics | |||||
Enrollment age, yrs | 69.20 ± 8.24 | 69.84 ± 7.28 | 68.50 ± 9.22 | 69.28 ± 7.25 | 0.073 |
Female gender, n% | 502 (59.7) | 256 (62.6) | 217 (56.4) | 29 (61.7) | 0.194 |
Solitary living, n% | 86 (10.2) | 46 (11.2) | 32 (8.3) | 8 (17.0) | 0.113 |
Well educated, n% | 126 (15.0) | 25 (6.1) | 91 (23.6) | 10 (21.2) | < 0.001 |
High income, n% | 61 (7.3) | 10 (2.4) | 47 (12.2) | 4 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
CVD family history, n% | 109 (13.0) | 79 (19.3) | 27 (7.0) | 3 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
Lifestyles | |||||
Smoking, n% | 120 (14.3) | 70 (17.1) | 43 (11.1) | 7 (14.8) | 0.057 |
Alcohol intake, n% | 97 (11.5) | 52 (12.7) | 39 (10.1) | 6 (12.7) | 0.504 |
Salty diet, n% | 176 (20.9) | 107 (26.2) | 62 (16.1) | 7 (14.8) | 0.001 |
Greasy diet, n% | 73 (8.7) | 29 (7.0) | 41 (10.6) | 3 (6.3) | 0.174 |
Favor vegetables, n% | 805 (95.7) | 385 (94.1) | 380 (98.7) | 40 (85.1) | < 0.001 |
Favor fruits, n% | 386 (54.1) | 132 (32.3) | 231 (60.0) | 23 (48.9) | < 0.001 |
Favor yogurt, n% | 126 (15.0) | 19 (4.6) | 100 (25.9) | 7 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
Physical inactivity, n% | 264 (31.4) | 137 (33.5) | 118 (30.6) | 9 (19.1) | 0.122 |
Oral health | |||||
Morning tooth brushing, n% | 663 (78.8) | 245 (59.9) | 371 (96.4) | 47 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Night tooth brushing, n% | 589 (70.0) | 164 (40.1) | 378 (98.2) | 47 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Periodontitis, n%a | 249 (34.4) | 180 (51.7) | 64 (19.2) | 5 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
Tooth loss, n%a | 99 (13.7) | 62 (17.8) | 34 (10.2) | 3 (7.3) | 0.007 |
Dentures, n%a | 186 (26.1) | 88 (25.6) | 90 (27.2) | 8 (20.5) | 0.643 |
Physical examinations | |||||
Height, cm | 156.49 ± 8.79 | 155.06 ± 8.42 | 158.20 ± 8.75 | 154.97 ± 9.95 | < 0.001 |
Weight, kg | 61.21 ± 9.97 | 59.57 ± 9.97 | 63.20 ± 9.87 | 59.17 ± 7.63 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.00 ± 3.71 | 24.82 ± 4.05 | 25.24 ± 3.45 | 24.66 ± 2.52 | 0.073 |
Heart rate, bpm | 74.17 ± 11.68 | 74.84 ± 11.91 | 73.47 ± 11.44 | 74.13 ± 11.52 | 0.175 |
SBP, mmHg | 139.51 ± 15.86 | 139.73 ± 16.57 | 139.38 ± 15.24 | 138.60 ± 14.76 | 0.883 |
DBP, mmHg | 81.45 ± 10.68 | 81.93 ± 10.76 | 81.16 ± 10.64 | 79.64 ± 10.20 | 0.299 |
Serum biochemical tests | |||||
TG, mmol/L | 1.39 (1.03–2.10) | 1.36 (0.99–2.06) | 1.41 (1.05–2.10) | 1.31 (1.03–1.62) | 0.175 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.77 (4.07–5.49) | 4.90 (4.18–5.60) | 4.52 (3.94–5.31) | 4.88 (4.16–5.60) | 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.42 (1.17–1.71) | 1.40 (1.16–1.71) | 1.45 (1.17–1.70) | 1.61 (1.25–1.85) | 0.038 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.33 (1.89–3.00) | 2.49 (1.96–3.04) | 2.22 (1.82–2.93) | 2.21 (1.69–2.93) | 0.009 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.92 ± 2.08 | 5.91 ± 2.33 | 5.95 ± 1.83 | 5.90 ± 1.69 | 0.293 |
