Table 1 Comparison of baseline and outcome data between the training and validation groups.

BMI, kg/m², Mean ± SD

25.37 ± 5.84

25.35 ± 5.94

25.43 ± 5.64

t=0.10

Age, years, Mean ± SD

65.59 ± 8.06

65.87 ± 8.08

64.92 ± 7.99

t=-0.95

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, Mean ± SD

131.20 ± 16.98

131.46 ± 16.69

130.61 ± 17.70

t=-0.40

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, Mean ± SD

78.65 ± 12.04

79.01 ± 12.32

77.82 ± 11.38

t=-0.80

Blood Sugar, mg/dl, Mean ± SD

98.82 ± 14.63

98.57 ± 14.37

99.39 ± 15.28

t=0.45

TyG index, Mean ± SD

8.56 ± 0.54

8.55 ± 0.52

8.60 ± 0.59

t=0.77

eGFR, M (Q₁, Q₃)

70.39 (56.10, 84.18)

70.24 (55.93, 84.54)

71.56 (58.47, 82.70)

Z=-0.02

HDL-C, mmol/L, M (Q₁, Q₃)

1.29 (1.09, 1.55)

1.29 (1.11, 1.56)

1.27 (1.06, 1.50)

Z=-0.93

Triglycerides, mg/dl, M (Q₁, Q₃)

106.00 (75.00, 155.00)

104.00 (75.00, 155.50)

112.00 (78.00, 154.00)

Z=-0.43

LDL-C, mmol/L, M (Q₁, Q₃)

110.00 (87.75, 137.00)

109.00 (88.00, 135.50)

113.00 (87.00, 139.00)

Z=-0.33

Male, n (%)

203(65.91)

143(66.51)

60(64.52)

χ²=0.12

History of diabetes, n (%)

35 (11.36)

27 (12.56)

8 (8.60)

χ²=1.01

History of high blood pressure, n(%)

167 (54.22)

112 (52.09)

55 (59.14)

χ²=1.30

Emergency cranial surgery, n (%)

120 (38.96)

82 (38.14)

38 (40.86)

χ²=0.20

Preventive heparin therapy, n (%)

171 (55.52)

116 (53.95)

55 (59.14)

χ²=0.71

Caprini≥10, n (%)

257 (84.26)

179 (84.04)

78 (84.78)

χ²=0.03

Smoking history, n (%)

167 (54.22)

115 (53.49)

52 (55.91)

χ²=0.15

Drinking history, n (%)

186 (60.39)

129 (60.00)

57 (61.29)

χ²=0.05

With pneumonia, n (%)

62 (20.13)

43 (20.00)

19 (20.43)

χ²=0.01

History of stroke, n (%)

18 (5.84)

11 (5.12)

7 (7.53)

χ²=0.69

Lower extremity venous thrombosis, n (%)

94 (30.52)

64 (29.77)

30 (32.26)

χ²=0.19