Table 4 The best solution in 40 trial runs from three implemented methods.

From: Minimization of total costs for distribution systems with battery energy storage systems and renewable energy sources

Method

WFs

PVFs

BESS

SSA

Bus: 16–15 wind turbines

(1-Phase)

Bus: 112–14 wind turbines

(1-Phase)

Bus: 49–8408 photovoltaic modules

(3-Phase)

Bus: 106–4257 photovoltaic modules

(1-Phase)

Bus: 15

0.554 MW/1.488 MWh

(1-Phase)

COA

Bus: 05–15 wind turbines (1-Phase)

Bus: 113–09 wind turbines (1-Phase)

Bus: 6–10,000 photovoltaic modules (1-Phase)

Bus: 22–10,000 photovoltaic modules (1-Phase)

Bus: 5

0.539 MW/1.341 MWh (1-Phase)

MCOA

Bus: 05–15 wind turbines (1-Phase)

Bus: 113–09 wind turbines (1-Phase)

Bus: 6–10,000 photovoltaic modules (1-Phase)

Bus: 23–10,000 photovoltaic modules (3-Phase)

Bus: 5

0.486 MW/1.342 MWh (1-Phase)