Table 5 Comparision for involved costs of implemented methods.

From: Minimization of total costs for distribution systems with battery energy storage systems and renewable energy sources

Item

Original system

SSA

COA

MCOA

\({TC}^{OF},\)$ million

20.3836

15.6739

15.5410

15.4660

\({TC}_{WF-PVF-BESS}^{Inv\&OM},\)$ million

–

7.9153

7.3185

7.3186

\({TC}_{Purch\_Elec}^{Sub},\)$ million

18.1606

6.8195

7.2367

7.1663

\({TC}_{Emission}^{Sub},\)$ million

2.2230

0.9390

0.9858

0.9811

Saving cost, $ million

–

4.7097

4.8426

4.9176

Saving cost, %

–

23.11

23.76

24.13