Fig. 1

Variations of Rs, Rh, Ra, and soil temperature (Ts) and moisture (Ms) under different drought stresses in the growing season (Mean ± SE) (Note: W1: natural rainfall (control); W2: rain reduction by 30%; W3: rain reduction by 50%;Ts: the 0–10 cm soil temperature; MsW1: the 0–10 cm soil moisture under natural rainfall; MsW2: the 0–10 cm soil moisture under rain reduction by 30%; MsW3: the 0–10 cm soil moisture under rain reduction by 50%).