Table 3 Uncertainty and error analysis of key parameters in heat transfer study.

From: Investigation of heat transfer performance in heat exchangers using hybrid nanofluids and twisted tape inserts with fixed special rings

Parameter

Max value

Min value

Range of uncertainty

Error range (±%)

Nusselt number (Nu)

288.49

172.02

± 5.15

± 2.24%

Heat transfer coefficient (h)

4012.41

2088.94

± 55.79

± 2%

Pressure drop (ΔP)

302.22

50.04

± 3.8%

± 3.8%

Thermal performance factor (TPF)

5.74171

1.32479

± 4.2%

± 4.2%

Friction factor (f)

0.1134

0.00054

± 0.00054 to ± 0.1134

± 3.5%