Table 4 Association of DM complications with the food and lifestyle of the participants.
Characteristics | Variables | Status of complication, n (percentage within characteristics) | P value* | Relative risk# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (602) | Yes (378) | Total (980) | ||||
Consumption of fruits and vegetables | Yes | 363 (39) | 563 (61) | 926 (95) | 0.113 | 0.842 |
No | 15 (28) | 39 (72) | 54 (5) | |||
Consumption of bakery products and confectioneries | Yes | 306 (37) | 518 (63) | 824 (84) | 0.034 | 1.167 |
No | 72 (46) | 84 (54) | 156 (16) | |||
Drink sugary and sweet drinks | Yes | 255 (38) | 409 (62) | 664 (68) | 0.888 | 1.009 |
No | 123 (39) | 193 (61) | 316 (32) | |||
Eat white bread | Yes | 314 (37) | 529 (63) | 843 (86) | 0.038 | 1.178 |
No | 64 (47) | 73 (53) | 137 (14) | |||
Eat full-fat spread | Yes | 196 (36) | 343 (64) | 539 (55) | 0.129 | 1.084 |
No | 182 (41) | 259 (59) | 441 (45) | |||
Drink milk | Yes | 359 (40) | 545 (60) | 904 (92) | 0.014 | 0.804 |
No | 19 (25) | 57 (75) | 76 (8) | |||
Smoke cigarettes | Yes | 282 (39) | 449 (61) | 731 (75) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
No | 96 (39) | 153 (61) | 249 (25) | |||
Smoke Sheesha/vaping | Yes | 318 (40) | 470 (60) | 788 (80) | 0.021 | 0.868 |
No | 60 (31) | 132 (69) | 192 (20) | |||
Exercise regularly | Yes | 307 (42) | 418 (58) | 725 (74) | 0.001 | 0.799 |
No | 71 (28) | 184 (72) | 255 (26) | |||
Duration of sleep per day | ≥ 8 h | 130 (37) | 225 (63) | 355 (36) | 0.375 | 1.051 |
< 8 h | 248 (40) | 377 (60) | 625 (64) | |||
Overall health status | Satisfactory | 301 (37) | 509 (63) | 810 (83) | 0.056 | 1.149 |
unsatisfactory | 77 (45) | 93 (55) | 170 (17) | |||
