Table 3 Energy-adjusted dietary intake of participants across the tertiles of plant-based diet index.

Number

2798

2899

2819

-

PDI scores, median

46 [42–49]

55 [53–56]

63 [60–66]

-

Energy; Kcal/day

2011 ± 633

2447 ± 640

2810 ± 628

< 0.001

Carbohydrate; g/day

354 ± 38.67

371 ± 37.69

390 ± 38.23

< 0.001

Fiber; g/day

19.07 ± 5.50

22.03 ± 5.17

25.33 ± 5.47

< 0.001

Fructose; g/day

16.02 ± 12.11

21.23 ± 11.36

26.65 ± 12.00

< 0.001

Protein; g/day

85.27 ± 14.28

83.78 ± 13.21

81.79 ± 14.18

< 0.001

Fat; g/day

77.30 ± 16.93

72.14 ± 15.88

66.88 ± 16.83

< 0.001

SFA; g/day

31.86 ± 8.99

27.72 ± 8.45

23.07 ± 8.97

< 0.001

Cholesterol

314.1 ± 101

266.4 ± 100

229 ± 100

< 0.001

MUFA; g/day

19.73 ± 6.96

18.85 ± 6.57

18.29 ± 6.98

< 0.001

PUFA; g/day

9.25 ± 4.33

10.52 ± 4.04

12.06 ± 4.30

< 0.001

EPA + DHA, mg/day

593 ± 153.39

499 ± 135.22

389 ± 136.27

< 0.001

Calcium, mg/day

1247 ± 258

1204 ± 258

1155 ± 258

< 0.001

Zinc, mg/day

9.33 ± 1.85

9.35 ± 1.83

9.40 ± 1.84

0.363

Iron, mg/day

17.08 ± 3.47

17.06 ± 3.29

16.85 ± 3.06

0.012

Sodium, mg/day

4821 ± 1324

4549 ± 1323

4289 ± 1324

< 0.001

Vitamin B12, mg/day

6.94 ± 5.01

6.78 ± 4.70

6.12 ± 4.39

0.034

Vitamin D, IU/day

44.65 ± 29.90

42.37 ± 28.66

40.40 ± 28.63

< 0.001

Vitamin E; mg/day

6.02 ± 2.87

7.14 ± 2.69

8.51 ± 2.86

< 0.001

Vitamin C; mg/day

81.40 ± 52.90

103.71 ± 52.22

130.37 ± 53.1

< 0.001

Caffeine; mg/day

128.2 ± 94.30

146.3 ± 94.11

162.8 ± 94.07

< 0.001