Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
From: Serum metabolic profiling in rheumatic heart disease and degenerative aortic stenosis
RHD N = 39 | Degenerative AS N = 10 | Controls N = 19 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean(±σ) | 44.7 ± 13.7 | 64.2 ± 12.8 | 52.1 ± 8.11 | < 0.001, b, c |
Sex | ||||
Female, n(%) | 27(69.23) | 6(60) | 12(63.15) | 0.82 |
Male, n(%) | 12(30.77) | 4(40) | 7(36.84) | |
Race | ||||
Black, n(%) | 11(28.20) | 1(10.00) | 4(21.05) | 0.03 |
Mixed, n(%) | 28(71.8) | 6(60.00) | 13(68.42) | |
White, n(%) | 0(0.00) | 3(30.00) | 2(10.51) | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (±σ) | 27.4 ± 6.07 | 33.6 ± 7.58 | 30.0 ± 4.07 | 0.01, c |
SBP (mmHg), mean (±σ) | 121.0 ± 24.2 | 143.0 ± 23.1 | 138.0 ± 23.7 | 0.01, c |
LVEF %, mean (±σ) | 44.8 ± 14.7 | 57.0 ± 4.07 | 56.1 ± 12.1 | 0.02, c |
LVEDV (ml), mean (±σ) | 174.0 ± 49.1 | 199.0 ± 61.2 | 151 ± 26.7 | 0.25 |
LVESV (ml), mean (±σ) | 93.9 ± 27.5 | 94.4 ± 34.5 | 65.2 ± 13.3 | 0.05 |
LVMI (g/m2), mean (±σ) | 63.8 ± 25.8 | 96.6 ± 41.3 | 48.6 ± 12.9 | 0.01, b, c |
LA Area (cm2), mean (±σ) | 44.8 ± 11.4 | 30.3 ± 4.59 | 24.2 ± 5.57 | < 0.001, a, c |
Hypertensive, n(%) | 14(35.90) | 8(80.00) | 7(36.84) | 0.07 |
Diabetic, n(%) | 3(7.69) | 1(10.00) | 1(5.26) | 1 |
Smoker | ||||
Current, n(%) | 11(28.21) | 2(20.00) | 5(26.32) | 0.65 |
Ex-Smoker, n(%) | 1(2.56) | 1(10.00) | 0(0) | |
Dyslipidemia, n(%) | 9(23.08) | 6(60.00) | 4(21.05) | 0.09 |
Histopathology | ||||
Aschoff bodies, n(%) | 2(5.13) | 0 | – | 1 |
Calcification, n(%) | 10(25.64) | 8(80.00) | – | < 0.01 |
Collagen deposition, n(%) | 18(46.15) | 4(40.00) | – | 0.46 |
Fibrosis, n(%) | 30(76.92) | 9(90.00) | – | – |
Inflammations, n(%) | 13(33.33) | 2(20.00) | – | 0.44 |
Myxoid change, n(%) | 15(38.46) | 2(20.00) | – | 0.25 |
Neovascularization, n(%) | 24(61.54) | 3(30.00) | – | 0.01 |
Vegetations, n(%) | 2(5.12) | 0(0) | – | 1 |
Fibrin deposition, n(%) | 6(15.38) | 3(30.00) | – | 0.41 |
Valve lesions grading | ||||
Aortic regurgitation | ||||
Mild, n(%) | 9(23.08) | 2(20.00) | – | 0.37 |
Moderate, n(%) | 9(23.08) | 1(10.00) | – | |
Severe, n(%) | 6(15.38) | 0(0) | – | |
Aortic stenosis | ||||
Mild, n(%) | 2(5.13) | 0(0) | – | < 0.001 |
Moderate, n(%) | 2(5.13) | 0(0) | – | |
Severe, n(%) | 6(15.38) | 10(100) | – | |
Mitral regurgitation | ||||
Mild, n(%) | 8(20.51) | 2(20.00) | – | < 0.001 |
Moderate, n(%) | 12(30.77) | 1(10.00) | – | |
Severe, n(%) | 14(35.90) | 0(0) | – | |
Mitral stenosis | ||||
Mild, n(%) | 1(2.56) | 0(0) | – | < 0.001 |
Moderate, n(%) | 7(17.95) | 0(0) | – | |
Severe, n(%) | 25(64.10) | 0(0) | – | |
Atrial fibrillation, n(%) | 17(43.59) | 0(0) | – | < 0.01 |
Medications | ||||
Penicillin, n(%) | 17(43.59) | 0 | – | < 0.01 |
Anti-hypertensive meds, n(%) | 9(23.08) | 5(50.00) | – | 0.12 |
Diuretics, n(%) | 24(61.54) | 5(50) | – | 0.44 |
Anti-diabetic meds, n(%) | 3(7.69) | 1(10.00) | – | 1 |
Beta blockers, n(%) | 28(71.80) | 4(40.00) | – | 0.03 |
Anticoagulants, n(%) | 22(56.41) | 3(30.00) | – | 0.13 |
Cardiac glycosides, n(%) | 3(7.69) | 0(0) | – | 1 |
Statins, n(%) | 8(20.51) | 5(50) | – | 0.10 |
