Table 2 Partial correlations* between loneliness and facial emotion processing among people with HIV.

From: Loneliness is related to facial emotion perception in people with HIV

Facial Emotion Perception Test

Loneliness Subtype

Overall loneliness

r (95% CI), P

Emotional

r (95% CI), P

Social

r (95% CI), P

Overall Accuracy

− 0.35 (− 0.51, − 0.18), 0.002

− 0.46 (− 0.62, − 0.27), < 0.001

− 0.06 (− 0.27, 0.16), 0.600

Fear

− 0.09 (− 0.30, 0.12), 0.421

− 0.28 (− 0.49, − 0.05), 0.013

0.13 (− 0.07, 0.34), 0.254

Sad

− 0.15 (− 0.36, 0.06), 0.192

− 0.17 (− 0.38, 0.07), 0.139

− 0.05 (− 0.29, 0.16), 0.648

Anger

− 0.31 (− 0.48, − 0.11), 0.006

− 0.37 (− 0.55, − 0.15), < 0.001

− 0.09 (− 0.29, 0.12), 0.414

Happy

− 0.27 (− 0.49, − 0.07), 0.019

− 0.39 (− 0.59, − 0.20), < 0.001

− 0.01 (− 0.24, 0.19), 0.940

Neutral

− 0.42 (− 0.57, − 0.25), < 0.001

− 0.44 (− 0.59, − 0.25), < 0.001

− 0.18 (− 0.37, 0.03), 0.107

Negativity bias

0.27 (0.02, 0.48), 0.020

0.21 (− 0.06, 0.43), 0.060

0.17 (− 0.05, 0.38), 0.130

Inaccuracy within the negative emotion

spectrum

0.34 (0.14, 0.52), 0.002

0.21 (− 0.003, 0.41), 0.068

0.29 (0.07, 0.47), 0.011

Fear bias

0.29 (0.08, 0.48), 0.01

0.20 (− 0.02, 0.40), 0.081

0.22 (− 0.004, 0.43), 0.049

Sad bias

0.22 (0.01, 0.43), 0.054

0.18 (− 0.07, 0.423), 0.119

0.14 (− 0.06, 0.35), 0.211

Anger bias

0.21 (− 0.11, 0.48), 0.066

0.10 (− 0.21, 0.35), 0.389

0.20 (− 0.06, 0.42), 0.074

Neutral bias

− 0.21 (− 0.44, − 0.12), 0.068

− 0.28 (− 0.22, 0.17), 0.014

− 0.03 (− 0.39, − 0.03), 0.771

  1. Negativity bias = misperception of happy and neutral faces as negative emotions; inaccuracy within the negative emotion spectrum = correctly identifying an emotion is negative but incorrectly identifying which negative emotion it is; bias for specific emotion = pattern of misperceiving other emotions as this emotion); CI = confidence interval; 95% CI are based are based on 1000 bootstrap samples; *controlling for race.
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