Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with PVT and those without PVT.

From: Correlation between virological response and portal vein thrombosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Variables

Total (n = 252)

Non-PVT (n = 224)

PVT (n = 28)

P

Age (years)

52.92 ± 10.92

52.12 ± 10.54

59.32 ± 12.01

 < 0.001

Portal vein diameter (cm)

1.17 ± 0.27

1.13 ± 0.22

1.49 ± 0.41

 < 0.001

Spleen major axis (cm)

12.17 ± 3.53

11.43 ± 2.85

18.10 ± 2.85

 < 0.001

Antiviral therapy time (days)

465.52 ± 508.88

414.08 ± 484.34

877.06 ± 521.81

 < 0.001

APTT (s)

35.26 ± 6.30

35.15 ± 6.44

36.11 ± 4.98

0.447

PT (s)

13.27 ± 2.65

13.04 ± 2.44

15.14 ± 3.47

0.004

Blood platelet count (109/L)

127.84 ± 60.27

134.93 ± 58.93

71.14 ± 36.58

 < 0.001

ALT (U/L)

92.79 ± 159.43

91.30 ± 162.19

104.69 ± 137.39

0.676

AST (U/L)

79.33 ± 141.02

73.16 ± 136.10

128.70 ± 170.40

0.049

GGT (U/L)

53.32 ± 55.45

50.63 ± 54.51

74.86 ± 59.22

0.029

ALP (U/L)

84.51 ± 40.41

80.42 ± 37.22

117.21 ± 49.96

 < 0.001

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

28.82 ± 36.30

26.20 ± 28.86

49.80 ± 69.68

0.087

Baseline HBV DNA load (IU/mL)

132,500.00 (5587.50, 3,737,500.00)

152,500.00 (6547.50, 4,652,500.00)

86,900.00 (1235.00, 667,500.00)

0.069

HBV DNA load after therapy (IU/mL)

0.00 (0.00, 562.25)

0.00 (0.00, 2.85)

8305.00 (831.50, 98,075.00)

 < 0.001

AFP (ng/mL)

2.52 (1.78, 4.70)

2.44 (1.73, 3.76)

97.51 (2.78, 1136.50)

 < 0.001

D-dimer (μg/mL)

395.00 (180.00, 652.45)

370.00 (170.00, 557.59)

1675.00 (764.25, 3162.50)

 < 0.001

INR

1.13 (1.02, 1.16)

1.12 (1.02, 1.16)

1.24 (1.12, 1.43)

 < 0.001

Fib (g/L)

2.10 (1.92, 2.32)

2.10 (1.95, 2.29)

2.15 (1.57, 2.67)

0.897

MPV (fL)

10.50 (9.88, 11.22)

10.50 (9.80, 11.22)

10.90 (10.10, 11.32)

0.144

LDL (mmol/L)

2.46 (2.02, 2.70)

2.49 (2.05, 2.73)

2.22 (1.84, 2.45)

0.010

HDL (mmol/L)

1.38 (1.09, 1.46)

1.38 (1.10, 1.46)

1.17 (0.92, 1.39)

0.015

TG (mmol/L)

1.00 (0.77, 1.14)

1.01 (0.79, 1.14)

0.84 (0.68, 1.09)

0.104

TC (mmol/L)

4.24 (3.54, 4.65)

4.26 (3.63, 4.74)

3.87 (3.29, 4.34)

0.014

HBsAg (IU/mL)

250.00 (230.31, 250.00)

250.00 (230.18, 250.00)

250.00 (232.50, 250.00)

0.126

HBeAg (S/CO)

0.47 (0.10, 25.95)

0.57 (0.10, 33.71)

0.35 (0.10, 3.48)

0.168

HBsAb (mIU/mL)

0.12 (0.00, 1.13)

0.12 (0.00, 1.13)

0.15 (0.00, 0.90)

0.863

HBeAb (S/CO)

1.02 (0.03, 3.40)

1.17 (0.04, 3.57)

0.33 (0.03, 1.64)

0.158

HBcAb (S/CO)

9.32 (8.00, 11.40)

9.29 (8.00, 11.32)

9.56 (8.00, 11.55)

0.372

Gender, n (%)

0.366

 Male

170 (67.46)

149 (66.52)

21 (75.00)

 

 Female

82 (32.54)

75 (33.48)

7 (25.00)

 

Baseline HBV DNA level, n (%)

0.103

 Low

76 (30.16)

66 (29.46)

10 (35.71)

 

 Moderate

130 (51.59)

113 (50.45)

17 (60.71)

 

 High

46 (18.25)

45 (20.09)

1 (3.57)

 

HCC, n (%)

 < 0.001

 No

218 (86.51)

208 (92.86)

10 (35.71)

 

 Yes

34 (13.49)

16 (7.14)

18 (64.29)

 

Spleen size, n (%)

 < 0.001

 Normal

121 (48.02)

120 (53.57)

1 (3.57)

 

 Moderate

31 (12.30)

31 (13.84)

0 (0.00)

 

 Large

100 (39.68)

73 (32.59)

27 (96.43)

 

Diabetes, n (%)

1.000

 No

240 (95.24)

213 (95.09)

27 (96.43)

 

 Yes

12 (4.76)

11 (4.91)

1 (3.57)

 

Hypertension, n (%)

   

1.000

 No

236 (93.65)

210 (93.75)

26 (92.86)

 

 Yes

16 (6.35)

14 (6.25)

2 (7.14)

 

Antiviral responses, n (%)

 < 0.001

 VR

188 (74.60)

186 (83.04)

2 (7.14)

 

 PVR

30 (11.90)

23 (10.27)

7 (25.00)

 

 PNR

5 (1.98)

4 (1.79)

1 (3.57)

 

 VBT

29 (11.51)

11 (4.91)

18 (64.29)

 

HBV DNA level after therapy, n (%)

 < 0.001

 Low

217 (86.11)

202 (90.18)

15 (53.57)

 

 Moderate

29 (11.51)

17 (7.59)

12 (42.86)

 

 High

6 (2.38)

5 (2.23)

1 (3.57)

 

HBeAg

 Nonreactive

 Reactive

 HBeAg

 Nonreactive

143 (56.75)

124 (55.36)

19 (67.86)

0.208

 Reactive

109 (43.25)

100 (44.64)

9 (32.14)

 

HBeAb

0.099

 Nonreactive

127 (50.40)

117 (52.23)

10 (35.71)

 

 Reactive

125 (49.60)

107 (47.77)

18 (64.29)

 

Cirrhosis level, n (%)

 < 0.001*

 0

69 (27.38)

69 (30.80)

0 (0.00)

 

 1

101 (40.08)

101 (45.09)

0 (0.00)

 

 2

11 (4.37)

10 (4.46)

1 (3.57)

 

 3

17 (6.75)

15 (6.70)

2 (7.14)

 

 4

14 (5.56)

7 (3.12)

7 (25.00)

 

 5

35 (13.89)

20 (8.93)

15 (53.57)

 

 6

5 (1.98)

2 (0.89)

3 (10.71)

 

Antiviral drugs, n (%)

0.194

 No treatment

32 (12.70)

27 (12.05)

5 (17.86)

 

 ETV

183 (72.62)

164 (73.21)

19 (67.86)

 

 TDF

17 (6.75)

17 (7.59)

0 (0.00)

 

 ADV

10 (3.97)

8 (3.57)

2 (7.14)

 

 LMV

1 (0.40)

1 (0.45)

0 (0.00)

 

 Interferon

7 (2.78)

6 (2.68)

1 (3.57)

 

 ADV + LAM

2 (0.79)

1 (0.45)

1 (3.57)

 
  1. High (H), moderate (M), and low (L) viral loads were defined as baseline serum HBV DNA levels ≥ 8.00, 5.00–7.99, and 2.00–4.99 log10 IU/mL, respectively. Clinical cirrhosis level was classified as follows: 0. Fibrosis echo manifestation in ultrasound; 1. No varicose veins and other complications; 2. Varicose veins, but no bleeding and ascites; 3. Gastroesophageal varices, no ascites or hepatic encephalopathy; 4. Any complication other than gastroesophageal varices; 5. More than two complications; 6. Repeated infection, extrahepatic organ dysfunction, acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), stubborn ascites, persistent hepatic encephalopathy, and refractory jaundice. Levels 0–3 indicate compensated cirrhosis, while levels 4–6 are considered the decompensation period. The spleen size was classified based on the thickness of the spleen as follows: Normal, < 4 cm; Moderate 4–5 cm; Large: ≥ 5 cm.
  2. Portal vein diameter: The diameter of the main portal vein trunk as measured during an ultrasound examination of the digestive system. APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time. PT: Prothrombin time. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase. GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. ALP: Alkaline phosphatase. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein. D-dimer: Concentration of D-dimer in the blood. INR: International Normalized Ratio. Fib: Fibrinogen. MPV: Mean platelet volume. LDL: Low-density lipoprotein. HDL: High-density lipoprotein. TG: Triglyceride. TC: Total cholesterol. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma. VR: Virological response; PVR: Partial virological response; PNR: Primary nonresponse; VBT: Virological breakthrough. ETV: Entecavir; TDF: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; ADV: Adefovir dipivoxil; LAM: Lamivudine.
  3. When P was < 0.05, the difference between groups was considered statistically significant. “*” means that the Fisher exact probability method was used for analysis.
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