Table 4 Cox model results of multiple imputation for the association between visual, hearing, and dual sensory impairments and depression.

From: Gender differences in the relationship between hearing and visual impairments, dual sensory impairment, and depression in middle-aged and elderly populations

 

Model1

Model2

Model3

Model4

HR (CI95%)

P

HR (CI95%)

P

HR (CI95%)

P

HR (CI95%)

P

Normal

1.00

NA

1.00

NA

1.00

NA

1.00

NA

HL

1.172(1.023–1.343)

0.022

1.168(1.015–1.344)

0.029

1.140(0.991–1.312)

0.065

1.027(0.889–1.187)

0.715

VI

1.271(1.157–1.396)

 < 0.001

1.238(1.124–1.364)

 < 0.001

1.230(1.117–1.356)

 < 0.001

1.114(1.007–1.231)

0.032

DSI

1.684(1.548–1.833)

 < 0.001

1.631(1.493–1.781)

 < 0.001

1.565(1.433–1.709)

 < 0.001

1.280(1.165–1.406)

 < 0.001

  1. Model 1 Unadjusted.
  2. Model 2 Adjusted for demographic variable: age.
  3. Model 3 Adjusted for socioeconomic variables based on Model 2: education level, marital status, residence.
  4. Model 4 Adjusted for personal health status variables based on Model 3: sleep, social activity participation, cognitive ability, activities of daily living, hospitalization status, number of chronic diseases, pain status.
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