Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Dissecting the relationship between heart failure and diabetic retinopathy severity in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: an observational cohort study

Fig. 2

Subgroup analysis of the association between heart failure and severity of diabetic retinopathy stratified by baseline characteristics. The consistent approximately 2-fold increased odds of worse DR with HF across all subgroups demonstrates the robustness of this relationship regardless of age, sex, CKD stage, or hyperlipidemia status.

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