Fig. 3

Kaplan-Meier curve of severity of diabetic retinopathy and risk of acute heart failure hospitalization in DM and CKD patients without diagnosis of heart failure. Group 2 (Severe NPDR + Very severe NPDR) and Group 3 (PDR + High-risk PDR) demonstrate significantly higher risk of acute heart failure hospitalization compared to Group 1 (No apparent, Mild NPDR and Moderate NPDR), with Group 3 showing the highest risk (log-rank p < 0.0001).